Kurumlar \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fcnce Kahramanlar \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131r: Afet Y\u00f6netiminin Pop\u00fcler \u0130simlere Terk Edili\u015fi<\/p>\n\n\n\n
17 A\u011fustos 1999 Marmara Depremi yaln\u0131zca yer kabu\u011fundaki fay hatlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rmad\u0131; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin afet y\u00f6netimi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki yap\u0131sal k\u0131r\u0131lmay\u0131 da b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. O gece do\u011fadaki fayla birlikte siyasal ve toplumsal d\u00fczenin fay\u0131 da k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Deprem, devletin y\u0131llard\u0131r ihmal etti\u011fi sivil savunma kapasitesinin; afet \u00f6ncesi haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n, m\u00fcdahale olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n ve kurumlar aras\u0131 koordinasyonun ne kadar yetersiz oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Arama-kurtarmadan haberle\u015fmeye, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinden bar\u0131nmaya kadar hemen her alanda ciddi zaaflar ya\u015fand\u0131. Bu tablo ne rastlant\u0131yd\u0131 ne de yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 y\u00f6neticinin beceriksizli\u011fiyle a\u00e7\u0131klanabilirdi. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan y\u0131k\u0131m, kamusal hizmetlerin geri plana itilmesinin ve devlet kapasitesinin sermayenin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda bi\u00e7imlendirilmesinin sonucuydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sivil savunma, uzun y\u0131llar boyunca halk\u0131 afetlere kar\u015f\u0131 koruyacak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve yayg\u0131n bir kamu kurumu olarak geli\u015ftirilmedi. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n antikom\u00fcnist siyasal atmosferi i\u00e7inde sivil savunmaya ba\u015fka i\u015flevler y\u00fcklendi; toplumun afetlere haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, bilimsel risk azaltma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve profesyonel m\u00fcdahale kapasitesi ikinci plana at\u0131ld\u0131. Kaynaklar halk\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fine de\u011fil, egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n siyasal \u00f6nceliklerine g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
17 A\u011fustos Depremi bu tercihin a\u011f\u0131r bedelini b\u00fct\u00fcn toplumun g\u00f6zleri \u00f6n\u00fcne serdi. Ancak kamusal yetersizli\u011fin s\u0131n\u0131fsal ve siyasal nedenleri gerekti\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131. Bunun yerine kamuoyunun dikkatini ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ne \u00e7eken yeni bir anlat\u0131 kuruldu: Afetlerde sivil toplumun, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve bireysel kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u201ckurtar\u0131c\u0131\u201d rol\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kamusal sorumluluktan bireysel kahramanl\u0131\u011fa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00f6nemin merkez medyas\u0131 bu anlat\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir i\u015flev \u00fcstlendi. AKUT\u2019un kamuoyunda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr h\u00e2le gelmesi yaln\u0131zca ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 kurtarma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucu de\u011fildi; ayn\u0131 zamanda bireysel kahramanl\u0131k \u00f6yk\u00fclerini afet y\u00f6netiminin merkezine yerle\u015ftiren yeni bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn in\u015fas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Da\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015fine sahip ki\u015filerin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, turuncu ya da k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 tulumlu kurtarma ekiplerinin televizyon ekranlar\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6sterilmesi ve kurtarma faaliyetlerinin birka\u00e7 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f isimle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmesi, afet y\u00f6netiminin kurumsal kapasiteden \u00e7ok bireysel fedak\u00e2rl\u0131k \u00fczerinden de\u011ferlendirilmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. D\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 B\u00fclent Ecevit\u2019in AKUT\u2019a Hazine arazisi ve bina tahsis etmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bile bas\u0131n\u0131n ilgisi kamusal afet politikas\u0131na de\u011fil, kurtarma k\u00f6pe\u011finin Ecevit\u2019in elini yalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclere y\u00f6neldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ku\u015fkusuz g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerin enkaz ba\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7abalar\u0131 ve kurtard\u0131klar\u0131 hayatlar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenemez. Sorun g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, onun kamusal sorumlulu\u011fun yerine ge\u00e7irilmesidir. Devletin neden haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z oldu\u011fu, kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n neden gerekli kadro ve donan\u0131ma sahip bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kentlerin neden denetimsiz ve sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z bi\u00e7imde yap\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken dikkatler bireysel kahramanl\u0131klara kayd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6ylece sistemin yap\u0131sal sorumlulu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcnmezle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu anlat\u0131 neoliberal ideolojinin temel \u00f6nermesiyle uyumluydu: Devlet toplumsal sorumluluklar\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilecek; bo\u015falan alan\u0131 piyasa, hay\u0131rseverlik, sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcler dolduracakt\u0131. Afet y\u00f6netimi de e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k, bar\u0131nma ve sosyal g\u00fcvenlik gibi kamusal alanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Afetin piyasala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve hay\u0131rseverlik d\u00fczeni<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Arama-kurtarma derneklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yard\u0131m kampanyalar\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olu\u015fumlar h\u0131zla \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131ld\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131 ve parlat\u0131ld\u0131. Afetler giderek ba\u011f\u0131\u015f kampanyalar\u0131n\u0131n, televizyon programlar\u0131n\u0131n, \u015firket sponsorluklar\u0131n\u0131n ve bireysel yard\u0131m organizasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n faaliyet alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00f6nemin sembolik \u00f6rneklerinden biri Oktar Babuna\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 kan toplama kampanyas\u0131yd\u0131. Kampanya kamuoyunda b\u00fcy\u00fck yank\u0131 uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, daha sonra toplanan kanlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve ak\u0131beti hakk\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli tart\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu \u00f6rnek, kamusal denetimden uzak ve ki\u015fisel g\u00fcvene dayal\u0131 yard\u0131m faaliyetlerinin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Medyan\u0131n s\u00fcrekli yineledi\u011fi temel iddia \u015fuydu: Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde de afet y\u00f6netiminde sivil toplum \u00f6n plandayd\u0131. Oysa bu s\u00f6ylem eksik ve ba\u011flam\u0131ndan kopar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkede g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc kurulu\u015flar \u00f6nemli roller \u00fcstlense de afet y\u00f6netiminin temel sorumlulu\u011fu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kamu kurumlar\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131r. Profesyonel arama-kurtarma, lojistik, sa\u011fl\u0131k, haberle\u015fme, planlama, koordinasyon ve risk azaltma hizmetleri esas olarak devletin kurumsal kapasitesiyle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck bu yap\u0131y\u0131 tamamlar; onun yerine ge\u00e7mez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrkiye Afet M\u00fcdahale Plan\u0131\u2019nda da kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n, yerel y\u00f6netimlerin ve di\u011fer akt\u00f6rlerin g\u00f6revlerini tarif eden benzer bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve bulunmaktad\u0131r. Fakat k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerindeki planlarla sahadaki kurumsal kapasite ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir. Kamu kurumlar\u0131 yeterli b\u00fct\u00e7eye, liyakatli kadrolara, teknik donan\u0131ma ve demokratik denetime sahip de\u011filse en ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 plan bile ger\u00e7ek bir g\u00fcvence olu\u015fturamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Afetlerin s\u0131n\u0131fsal y\u00fcz\u00fc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Deprem do\u011fal bir olayd\u0131r; kitlesel y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n boyutu ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ise toplumsal ve s\u0131n\u0131fsald\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki bir deprem herkesi ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilemez. Sa\u011flam konutlarda ya\u015fayanlarla dayan\u0131ks\u0131z ve denetimsiz yap\u0131larda ya\u015famak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lanlar ayn\u0131 riski ta\u015f\u0131maz. \u00d6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k, ula\u015f\u0131m ve ileti\u015fim olanaklar\u0131na sahip olanlarla b\u00fct\u00fcn ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in aksayan kamu hizmetlerine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bulunanlar ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarda de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f\u00e7iler, yoksullar, g\u00f6\u00e7menler, kad\u0131nlar, \u00e7ocuklar, ya\u015fl\u0131lar ve engelliler afetlerden daha a\u011f\u0131r etkilenir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kapitalist kentle\u015fme g\u00fcvenli bar\u0131nmay\u0131 bir hak olarak de\u011fil, sat\u0131n al\u0131nabilen bir meta olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctler. Toprak rant\u0131, in\u015faat sermayesi ve siyasal iktidar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler; bilimsel kent planlamas\u0131n\u0131n, yap\u0131 denetiminin ve halk\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011finin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7er. Sermaye k\u00e2r ederken risk toplumsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r; y\u0131k\u0131m ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde ise bedel emek\u00e7ilere \u00f6detilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu nedenle afet politikas\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca arama-kurtarma faaliyetlerine indirgemek yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. As\u0131l m\u00fccadele, insanlar\u0131n enkaz alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyecek bir toplumsal d\u00fczenin kurulmas\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcvenli ve nitelikli konut hakk\u0131, planl\u0131 kentle\u015fme, kamusal yap\u0131 denetimi, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7evre, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemi ve bilimsel e\u011fitim olmadan ger\u00e7ek anlamda afet y\u00f6netiminden s\u00f6z edilemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sembollere dayal\u0131 g\u00fcven ve kamusal \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de afet y\u00f6netimi zamanla kamusal bir hak olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f kampanyalar\u0131n\u0131n ve g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc giri\u015fimlerin omuzlar\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lan bir alana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Kurumsal g\u00fcvenin yerini sembolik ki\u015filere duyulan g\u00fcven ald\u0131. Geni\u015f toplum kesimleri, kamusal mekanizmalar yerine sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n, medya fig\u00fcrlerinin ve tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131na bel ba\u011flamak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6 \u015eubat 2023 depremlerinin ard\u0131ndan Ahbap ve kurucusu Haluk Levent\u2019in \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn g\u00fcncel ve \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rneklerinden biridir. Sosyal medya \u00fczerinden kurulan geni\u015f ileti\u015fim a\u011f\u0131, Levent\u2019e duyulan ki\u015fisel g\u00fcven ve toplumun h\u0131zl\u0131 yard\u0131m ihtiyac\u0131, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Ahbap\u2019a y\u00f6nelmesini sa\u011flad\u0131. Derne\u011fin yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z denetim raporuna g\u00f6re, 6 \u015eubat\u201331 Aral\u0131k 2023 d\u00f6neminde yakla\u015f\u0131k 4,36 milyar lira net nakdi ba\u011f\u0131\u015f topland\u0131; bu kayna\u011f\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 4,29 milyar liras\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak bar\u0131nma, e\u011fitim, g\u0131da ve di\u011fer temel ihtiya\u00e7lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Bu veriler, Ahbap\u2019\u0131n afet sonras\u0131nda \u00fcstlendi\u011fi maddi ve \u00f6rg\u00fctsel rol\u00fcn boyutunu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ahbap\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ad\u0131r, konteyner, g\u0131da ve temel ihtiya\u00e7 deste\u011fi sa\u011flamas\u0131; sahadaki acil gereksinimlere yan\u0131t veren g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerin eme\u011fi ve Haluk Levent\u2019in yard\u0131m \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lmadaki etkisi ku\u015fkusuz \u00f6nemlidir. Bununla birlikte, milyonlarca insan\u0131n kamusal kurumlar yerine bir sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fisel itibar\u0131na ve onun \u00e7evresinde olu\u015fan g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc a\u011fa g\u00fcvenmek zorunda kalmas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir sivil dayan\u0131\u015fma \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak okunamaz. Tam tersine bu durum, devletin afet \u00f6ncesi haz\u0131rl\u0131k, e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcm, bar\u0131nma ve temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lama kapasitesine duyulan g\u00fcvenin ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken, Ahbap\u2019\u0131n yard\u0131m edip etmedi\u011fi ya da Haluk Levent\u2019in iyi niyeti de\u011fildir. Esas soru \u015fudur: Milyonlarca insan\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren afet m\u00fcdahalesi neden ki\u015filerin toplumsal itibar\u0131na, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplama g\u00fcc\u00fcne ve medya g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 h\u00e2le gelmi\u015ftir? Bir ki\u015finin d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne duyulan g\u00fcven, kurumsal \u015feffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve kamusal hesap verebilirli\u011fin yerine ge\u00e7ti\u011finde yard\u0131m\u0131n s\u00fcreklili\u011fi de da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 da ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkilere ve kamuoyunun de\u011fi\u015fken ilgisine ba\u011flan\u0131r. Ahbap \u00f6rne\u011fi bu nedenle hem toplumdaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc dayan\u0131\u015fma iradesini hem de bu iradeyi ta\u015f\u0131yacak g\u00fcvenilir ve demokratik kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n eksikli\u011fini ayn\u0131 anda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu durum yaln\u0131zca bireysel giri\u015fimlerin sonucu de\u011fil, kamusal kapasitenin yerine ki\u015fisel g\u00fcven ili\u015fkilerinin ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi siyasal tercihin yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Kurumlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, liyakatin tasfiye edildi\u011fi ve kamusal kaynaklar\u0131n sermaye gruplar\u0131na aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00fczende insanlar g\u00fcvenebilecekleri sembolik isimler aramaktad\u0131r. Oysa ki\u015filere dayanan g\u00fcven ne demokratik denetimin ne de kal\u0131c\u0131 bir afet y\u00f6netiminin yerini tutabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bug\u00fcn ya\u015fanan \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme, yozla\u015fma ve ki\u015filiksizle\u015fme yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 ki\u015finin ahlaki zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. Bunlar, her \u015feyi metala\u015ft\u0131ran ve insan ili\u015fkilerini \u00e7\u0131kar ili\u015fkilerine indirgeyen kapitalist sistemin toplumsal yans\u0131malar\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak b\u00fct\u00fcn sorumlulu\u011fu soyut bir \u201csistem\u201d kavram\u0131na y\u00fcklemek de yeterli de\u011fildir. Bu d\u00fczen; onu s\u00fcrd\u00fcren siyasal tercihler, sermaye ili\u015fkileri, b\u00fcrokratik yap\u0131lar ve g\u00fcndelik davran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yeniden \u00fcretilmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla m\u00fccadele hem kapitalist d\u00fczene hem de onun toplum i\u00e7inde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 teslimiyet, \u00e7\u0131karc\u0131l\u0131k, kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131k ve kahraman bekleme k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne y\u00f6nelmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hay\u0131rseverlik de\u011fil dayan\u0131\u015fma<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sosyalist bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe ve toplumsal dayan\u0131\u015fmaya kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011fildir. Tam tersine dayan\u0131\u015fma, sosyalist siyasetin kurucu de\u011ferlerinden biridir. Ancak dayan\u0131\u015fma ile hay\u0131rseverlik ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hay\u0131rseverlik, e\u015fitsizli\u011fi ortadan kald\u0131rmadan onun sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak hafifletir. Veren ile alan aras\u0131ndaki hiyerar\u015fiyi korur ve temel haklar\u0131 ki\u015filerin merhametine ba\u011flar. Dayan\u0131\u015fma ise e\u015fitler aras\u0131nda kurulur; insanlar\u0131n kendi hayatlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda s\u00f6z ve karar sahibi olmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lar. Yaln\u0131zca yaralar\u0131 sarmakla yetinmez, o yaralar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli \u00fcreten toplumsal ko\u015fullar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6nelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu nedenle g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeler kamusal kurumlar\u0131n yerine de\u011fil, toplumun demokratik kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ara\u00e7lar\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Mahalle meclisleri, sendikalar, meslek odalar\u0131, kooperatifler ve yerel dayan\u0131\u015fma a\u011flar\u0131 afet y\u00f6netimine kat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak bu kat\u0131l\u0131m devletin g\u00f6revlerini yurtta\u015flara devretmesi de\u011fil; halk\u0131n, kamusal kaynaklar\u0131n nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde kat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kurumlar\u0131 denetlemesi anlam\u0131na gelmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kamucu ve toplumcu bir afet politikas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Afetler bireysel kahramanl\u0131klar\u0131n sahnesi de\u011fil; kamusal planlaman\u0131n, bilimsel haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve toplumsal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin s\u0131nand\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlard\u0131r. Toplumun g\u00fcvenli\u011fi birka\u00e7 \u00f6zverili insan\u0131n fedak\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lamaz. Afet y\u00f6netimi; profesyonel kadrolar\u0131n, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n, yerel y\u00f6netimlerin, \u00fcniversitelerin, sendikalar\u0131n, meslek odalar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc halk\u0131n birlikte hareket etti\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir sistem gerektirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bug\u00fcn ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan \u015fey daha fazla yard\u0131m kampanyas\u0131, yeni g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc dernekler ya da yeni kahramanlar de\u011fildir. As\u0131l ihtiya\u00e7, afet y\u00f6netimini yeniden kamusal bir hak olarak tan\u0131mlayan toplumcu bir politikad\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir politikan\u0131n temelinde \u015funlar bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00fcvenli ve nitelikli bar\u0131nman\u0131n temel bir insan hakk\u0131 olarak kabul edilmesi,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yap\u0131 denetiminin piyasan\u0131n ve m\u00fcteahhitlerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Riskli yap\u0131lar\u0131n kamusal kaynaklarla ve hak kayb\u0131 yaratmadan yenilenmesi,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Toplanma alanlar\u0131n\u0131n, k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n ve kamusal arazilerin sermayeye a\u00e7\u0131lmamas\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yerel y\u00f6netimlerin mali ve teknik kapasitesinin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Afet kurumlar\u0131nda liyakatli, g\u00fcvenceli ve s\u00fcrekli personel \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sa\u011fl\u0131k, ula\u015f\u0131m, haberle\u015fme, enerji ve bar\u0131nma altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131na g\u00f6re planlanmas\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Karar s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin \u00fcniversitelere, meslek odalar\u0131na, sendikalara ve halk \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Afet b\u00fct\u00e7esinin \u015feffaf ve demokratik bi\u00e7imde denetlenmesi,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00fcdahaleden \u00f6nce risk azaltmaya ve koruyucu \u00f6nlemlere \u00f6ncelik verilmesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
17 A\u011fustos\u2019ta iki fay k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Biri yerin alt\u0131ndayd\u0131; di\u011feri halk\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131yla sermaye d\u00fczeninin \u00f6ncelikleri aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Aradan ge\u00e7en y\u0131llar, ikinci fay\u0131n kapanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; neoliberal politikalarla daha da derinle\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. Gelecekteki felaketlerin etkisini azaltman\u0131n yolu yeni kahramanlar yaratmak de\u011fil, kahramanlara ihtiya\u00e7 b\u0131rakmayacak e\u015fitlik\u00e7i bir toplumsal d\u00fczen kurmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Afetlere kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ek g\u00fcvence piyasada, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f kampanyalar\u0131nda ya da ki\u015fisel itibarlarda de\u011fil; \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc halkta, bilimsel planlamada ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kamu kurumlar\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm hay\u0131rseverlik de\u011fil dayan\u0131\u015fma, piyasac\u0131l\u0131k de\u011fil kamuculuk, bireysel kurtulu\u015f de\u011fil kolektif m\u00fccadeledir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00fcr\u00fcmenin, yozla\u015fman\u0131n ve ki\u015filiksizle\u015fmenin hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131na yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde bize d\u00fc\u015fen, bu karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 seyretmek ya da ondan umutsuzluk \u00fcretmek de\u011fildir. Umutsuzluk, d\u00fczenin de\u011fi\u015fmez oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini besler; oysa \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme kader de\u011fildir. Onu yaratan ili\u015fkiler insanlar taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015fsa yine insanlar\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc m\u00fccadelesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir. Dayan\u0131\u015fma pratiklerinde, emek\u00e7ilerin ortak m\u00fccadelesinde, bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve meslek \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin birikiminde, mahallelerin kendi ya\u015famlar\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131kma iradesinde ba\u015fka bir d\u00fczenin olanaklar\u0131 \u015fimdiden vard\u0131r. G\u00f6revimiz umutsuzlu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fctmek de\u011fil; bu olanaklar\u0131 birle\u015ftirmek, \u00f6rg\u00fctlemek ve toplumsal bir umuda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ger\u00e7ek umut, felaketin ard\u0131ndan bir kurtar\u0131c\u0131 beklemek de\u011fil, hi\u00e7 kimseyi enkaz alt\u0131nda b\u0131rakmayacak bir \u00fclkeyi hep birlikte kurma iradesidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kurumlar \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fcnce Kahramanlar \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131r: Afet Y\u00f6netiminin Pop\u00fcler...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10101,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,29],"tags":[],"manset":[],"class_list":["post-10100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-makaleler","category-manset"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10100"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10100\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10102,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10100\/revisions\/10102"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10101"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10100"},{"taxonomy":"manset","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manset?post=10100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}