Taliban y\u00f6netiminin Kabil\u2019deki tarih\u00ee Loya Jirga salonunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi be\u015finci y\u0131l kutlamas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca bir iktidar y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc de\u011fil, Afganistan\u2019da son be\u015f y\u0131lda in\u015fa edilen siyasal rejimin sembolik bir \u00f6zeti niteli\u011findeydi. Y\u00f6netim kadrolar\u0131 k\u00fcrs\u00fcden \u201ckurtulu\u015f\u201d, \u201cba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u201d, \u201cg\u00fcvenlik\u201d ve \u201cistikrar\u201d kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 tekrar ederken, t\u00f6renin en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc konu\u015fmalardan de\u011fil, salondaki yokluktan do\u011fdu: Salonda tek bir kad\u0131n dahi bulunmuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc, Taliban\u2019\u0131n Afganistan i\u00e7in teklif etti\u011fi siyasal d\u00fczenin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcn resm\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan daha a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde ortaya koyuyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131n sonunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan tablo, yaln\u0131zca iktidar\u0131n el de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi de\u011fildir. Afganistan\u2019da toplumsal hayat\u0131n, kamusal alan\u0131n ve yurtta\u015fl\u0131k fikrinin kad\u0131nlar ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere geni\u015f kesimler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yeniden tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131; temel haklar\u0131n siyasal iktidar\u0131n ideolojik hedefleri do\u011frultusunda sistematik bi\u00e7imde tasfiye edildi\u011fi yeni bir rejim in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Taliban bug\u00fcn \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sona ermesini kendi y\u00f6netiminin temel me\u015fruiyet kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak sunuyor. Ancak Afganistan \u00f6rne\u011fi, siyasal tarihin \u00e7ok iyi bildi\u011fi bir ger\u00e7e\u011fi yeniden hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor: Silahlar\u0131n susmas\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. Devlet otoritesinin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi de tek ba\u015f\u0131na adaletin veya toplumsal bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n g\u00f6stergesi de\u011fildir.<\/strong> G\u00fcvenlik ile \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin ikincisi pahas\u0131na kurulmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u015fey istikrar de\u011fil, bask\u0131n\u0131n kurumsalla\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Taliban\u2019\u0131n A\u011fustos 2021\u2019de yeniden iktidara gelmesinin ard\u0131ndan Afgan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015famal\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, rejimin en belirgin siyasi karakteri h\u00e2line geldi. \u0130lk olarak k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nc\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131ftan sonra e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmesi engellendi. Ard\u0131ndan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00fcniversitelere devam etmesi yasakland\u0131; kamu kurumlar\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daralt\u0131ld\u0131; sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda g\u00f6rev almalar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n parklar, spor salonlar\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli kamusal mek\u00e2nlara eri\u015fimi engellendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n UNESCO verilerine g\u00f6re milyonlarca Afgan k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu orta\u00f6\u011fretim ve y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim hakk\u0131ndan mahrum durumda. Ancak burada s\u00f6z konusu olan yaln\u0131zca e\u011fitim politikas\u0131ndaki bir gerileme de\u011fildir. E\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n gelecekte ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa, mesleki hayata ve toplumsal karar alma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Taliban\u2019\u0131n kad\u0131n politikas\u0131n\u0131 birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yasaklar\u0131n toplam\u0131 olarak okumak yetersizdir. Kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n toplumsal \u00f6zne olma kapasitesini sistematik bi\u00e7imde ortadan kald\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bir siyasal program bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u0130yili\u011fi Emretme ve K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten Men Etme\u201d Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinden uygulamaya konulan d\u00fczenlemeler bu siyasal projenin en ileri a\u015famalar\u0131ndan birini olu\u015fturuyor. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kamusal alandaki sesinin, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ve hareket alan\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca muhafazak\u00e2r bir ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131n dayat\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Burada esas mesele, kad\u0131n\u0131n kamusal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n siyasi olarak kontrol edilmesidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bir toplumda n\u00fcfusun yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitimden, istihdamdan, siyasetten ve kamusal hayattan d\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir tercih olarak de\u011ferlendirilemez. Bu, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya iktidar\u0131n toplumu nas\u0131l \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fiyle ilgili siyasi bir meseledir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n e\u011fitimine y\u00f6nelik yasaklar\u0131n en kritik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri sa\u011fl\u0131k sisteminde ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n t\u0131p e\u011fitimi ve sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131ndaki mesleki programlara eri\u015fiminin giderek zorla\u015fmas\u0131, gelecekte kad\u0131n doktor, hem\u015fire ve ebe say\u0131s\u0131nda dramatik bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fanmas\u0131 riskini beraberinde getiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu durum Afganistan\u2019\u0131n toplumsal ko\u015fullar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00e7ok daha a\u011f\u0131r sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7abilir. Taliban\u2019\u0131n kad\u0131nlar\u0131n erkek sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131yla temas\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131ran yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k e\u011fitiminin engellenmesi ayn\u0131 anda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ortaya ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir \u00e7eli\u015fki \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r: Kad\u0131n hastalar\u0131n erkek doktorlara eri\u015fimi s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken kad\u0131n doktor yeti\u015ftirilmesinin \u00f6n\u00fc de kapat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu nedenle bug\u00fcn al\u0131nan kararlar yaln\u0131zca bug\u00fcn\u00fcn kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 cezaland\u0131rm\u0131yor. Afganistan\u2019\u0131n gelecek on y\u0131llardaki sa\u011fl\u0131k altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da bilin\u00e7li bi\u00e7imde zay\u0131flat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle Taliban\u2019\u0131n kad\u0131nlara y\u00f6nelik politikalar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bir insan haklar\u0131 sorunu de\u011fil; devlet kapasitesini, ekonomik \u00fcretkenli\u011fi ve toplumsal s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131ran yap\u0131sal bir krizdir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Taliban y\u00f6netimi be\u015finci y\u0131l\u0131na girerken en fazla ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu kavram \u201cistikrar\u201d. Ger\u00e7ekten de yirmi y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n sava\u015f, i\u015fgal, intihar sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ve silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Afganistan\u2019\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinde g\u00fcvenlik ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir. Taliban da tam olarak bu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 kendi me\u015fruiyetinin merkezine yerle\u015ftiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Fakat burada temel bir siyasal soru ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor: \u0130stikrar kimin i\u00e7in istikrard\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n evlerinden \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n, gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar\u0131n e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmesinin, gazetecilerin haber yapmas\u0131n\u0131n ve muhaliflerin konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00fclkede sokaklar\u0131n daha az \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olmas\u0131, tek ba\u015f\u0131na toplumsal bar\u0131\u015f anlam\u0131na gelmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Otoriter rejimlerin tarih boyunca en s\u0131k ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu me\u015fruiyet ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri \u201cd\u00fczen\u201d s\u00f6ylemidir. Hak talepleri kaosla, muhalefet istikrars\u0131zl\u0131kla, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ise g\u00fcvenlik tehdidiyle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirildi\u011finde devletin bask\u0131c\u0131 kapasitesi normalle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Afganistan\u2019da bug\u00fcn ya\u015fanan tam da budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Taliban\u2019\u0131n kurdu\u011fu siyasal anlat\u0131da sava\u015f\u0131n bitmesi, rejimin b\u00fct\u00fcn uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131ran \u00fcst bir arg\u00fcmana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. B\u00f6ylece haklar\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sona erdirilmesinin kabul edilmesi gereken bedeliymi\u015f gibi sunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Oysa bar\u0131\u015f, yaln\u0131zca \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yoklu\u011fu de\u011fildir; insanlar\u0131n korkmadan ya\u015fayabildi\u011fi, e\u011fitim g\u00f6rebildi\u011fi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabildi\u011fi, konu\u015fabildi\u011fi ve kamusal ya\u015fama e\u015fit bi\u00e7imde kat\u0131labildi\u011fi bir d\u00fczeni gerektirir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Afganistan\u2019daki bask\u0131c\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm \u00e7o\u011fu zaman hakl\u0131 olarak kad\u0131nlara y\u00f6nelik uygulamalar \u00fczerinden tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Ancak mevcut insan haklar\u0131 tablosu bunun \u00e7ok daha \u00f6tesine uzan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler mekanizmalar\u0131 ve insan haklar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri; keyf\u00ee g\u00f6zalt\u0131lar, i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele iddialar\u0131, yarg\u0131s\u0131z infazlar, zorla kaybetmeler, gazeteciler \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131lar ve insan haklar\u0131 savunucular\u0131na y\u00f6nelik tehditler konusunda uzun s\u00fcredir uyar\u0131larda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n BM Afganistan \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fc Richard Bennett de Taliban y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sistemi \u201cderin bir insan haklar\u0131 krizi\u201d olarak de\u011ferlendiriyor ve kad\u0131nlarla k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik politikalar\u0131n cinsiyet temelli zul\u00fcm kapsam\u0131nda insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7 olu\u015fturabilece\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Uluslararas\u0131 hukuk tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda giderek daha fazla kullan\u0131lan \u201ctoplumsal cinsiyet apartheid\u0131\u201d kavram\u0131 da tam bu noktada \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Afganistan\u2019daki durum yaln\u0131zca kad\u0131nlar\u0131n belirli haklardan mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 de\u011fildir. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hukuki, ekonomik, e\u011fitsel ve toplumsal stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn erkeklerden sistematik bi\u00e7imde ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131; bu ayr\u0131m\u0131n devlet kurumlar\u0131 ve yasalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir yap\u0131dan s\u00f6z edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu nedenle mesele yaln\u0131zca Taliban\u2019\u0131n kad\u0131n politikas\u0131n\u0131n \u201ca\u015f\u0131r\u0131\u201d veya \u201cmuhafazak\u00e2r\u201d olmas\u0131 de\u011fildir. Mesele, toplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitsizli\u011finin rejimin kurucu ilkelerinden biri h\u00e2line getirilmesidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Afganistan\u2019daki be\u015finci y\u0131l\u0131n belki de en \u00f6nemli siyasi boyutu Taliban\u2019\u0131n kendisinden ziyade uluslararas\u0131 toplumun Taliban kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen tutumudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2021\u2019de Taliban Kabil\u2019e girdi\u011finde Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerden b\u00f6lge devletlerine kadar bir\u00e7ok akt\u00f6r yeni y\u00f6netimle ili\u015fkilerin kad\u0131n haklar\u0131, kapsay\u0131c\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet, insan haklar\u0131 ve ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele gibi ko\u015fullara ba\u011fl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Be\u015f y\u0131l sonra ise ortaya \u00e7ok daha pragmatik bir manzara \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00f6lgesel akt\u00f6rler Taliban y\u00f6netimini art\u0131k yaln\u0131zca ideolojik veya insan haklar\u0131 merkezli bir mesele olarak de\u011fil; g\u00fcvenlik, s\u0131n\u0131r kontrol\u00fc, ticaret yollar\u0131, enerji, madencilik, g\u00f6\u00e7 ve jeopolitik n\u00fcfuz ba\u011flam\u0131nda ele al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rusya\u2019n\u0131n att\u0131\u011f\u0131 diplomatik ad\u0131mlar, \u00c7in\u2019in Taliban taraf\u0131ndan atanan diplomatik temsilcilerle ili\u015fkileri, Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri\u2019nin ekonomik ve diplomatik angajman\u0131 ve b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinin Kabil y\u00f6netimiyle kurdu\u011fu temaslar bu pragmatik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Buradaki \u00e7eli\u015fki a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Taliban\u2019\u0131n insan haklar\u0131 politikalar\u0131nda k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir iyile\u015fme ya\u015fanmadan, uluslararas\u0131 sistemin Taliban\u2019la \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya y\u00f6nelik iste\u011fi giderek artmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle normalle\u015fen Taliban\u2019\u0131n politikalar\u0131 de\u011fil, d\u00fcnya devletlerinin bu politikalara ra\u011fmen Taliban\u2019la ili\u015fki kurma kapasitesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ve tam da bu nedenle Afganistan bug\u00fcn uluslararas\u0131 siyasetin en rahats\u0131z edici sorular\u0131ndan birini g\u00fcndeme getiriyor: \u0130nsan haklar\u0131, devletlerin d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekten ilkesel bir s\u0131n\u0131r m\u0131d\u0131r, yoksa jeopolitik maliyeti y\u00fckseldi\u011finde kolayl\u0131kla ertelenebilen bir m\u00fczakere ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Devletlerin Afganistan\u2019a ili\u015fkin g\u00fcvenlik ve ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u00c7in a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Afganistan; maden kaynaklar\u0131, b\u00f6lgesel altyap\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik dengeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. Rusya ve Orta Asya \u00fclkeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan radikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kritik \u00f6nemde. \u0130ran ve Pakistan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00f6\u00e7, ticaret, su kaynaklar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r politikalar\u0131 belirleyici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ancak reelpolitik yaln\u0131zca devletlerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayabilir; bu \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n ahlaki veya siyasi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Uluslararas\u0131 toplum Taliban\u2019a ekonomik ve diplomatik alan a\u00e7arken hi\u00e7bir insan haklar\u0131 ilerlemesi talep etmiyorsa, rejimin hesaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 maliyet de giderek d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu durum Taliban y\u00f6netimine son derece a\u00e7\u0131k bir mesaj verebilir: Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 e\u011fitimden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak, gazetecileri susturmak veya muhalifleri bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutmak uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesine engel de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00f6yle bir normalle\u015fmenin en tehlikeli sonucu budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc mesele yaln\u0131zca Afganistan de\u011fildir. Uluslararas\u0131 sistem, insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r ve sistematik bi\u00e7imde ihlal edildi\u011fi bir rejimle hi\u00e7bir anlaml\u0131 ko\u015ful koymadan ili\u015fki kurabildi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u015fka otoriter y\u00f6netimlere de benzer bir emsal \u00fcretmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Taliban\u2019\u0131n politikalar\u0131n\u0131n en a\u011f\u0131r sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 muhtemelen bug\u00fcnden ziyade \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda daha g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr h\u00e2le gelecek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bug\u00fcn okula gidemeyen milyonlarca k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra \u00fcniversiteye gidemeyecek. \u00dcniversiteye gidemeyen kad\u0131nlar \u00f6\u011fretmen, doktor, m\u00fchendis, akademisyen, giri\u015fimci veya kamu g\u00f6revlisi olamayacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 hane gelirlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecek; ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131racak ve yoksulluk d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kad\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k personelinin azalmas\u0131 anne ve \u00e7ocuk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkileyecek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kad\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin azalmas\u0131 k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitime eri\u015fimini daha da zorla\u015ft\u0131racak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sivil toplumda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 insani yard\u0131m kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle kad\u0131nlara ve \u00e7ocuklara ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirecek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kad\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n tasfiyesi bir toplumsal grubun hak kayb\u0131ndan ibaret de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Afganistan\u2019\u0131n insan sermayesinin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sistematik bi\u00e7imde devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Hi\u00e7bir \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 e\u011fitimden ve ekonomik hayattan d\u0131\u015flayarak uzun vadeli kalk\u0131nma sa\u011flayamaz. Bu nedenle Taliban\u2019\u0131n \u201cistikrar\u201d s\u00f6yleminin i\u00e7inde \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tohumlar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn siyasal kontrol\u00fc, yar\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik ve toplumsal \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn zemini h\u00e2line gelebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Afganistan\u2019\u0131n be\u015finci y\u0131l bilan\u00e7osu asl\u0131nda iki farkl\u0131 \u00fclke anlat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Taliban\u2019\u0131n anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Afganistan; yabanc\u0131 askerlerin \u00e7ekildi\u011fi, merkez\u00ee otoritenin yeniden kuruldu\u011fu, sava\u015f\u0131n sona erdi\u011fi ve altyap\u0131 projelerinin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u201ckurtulu\u015f\u201d hik\u00e2yesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, gazetecilerin, muhaliflerin ve insan haklar\u0131 savunucular\u0131n\u0131n deneyimledi\u011fi Afganistan ise giderek daralan bir kamusal alan\u0131n hik\u00e2yesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Birinde g\u00fcvenlik vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Di\u011ferinde \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck yoktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Birinde devlet daha g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Di\u011ferinde yurtta\u015f giderek g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez h\u00e2le gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu ikisi aras\u0131ndaki fark, Afganistan tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n merkezine yerle\u015ftirilmelidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir rejimin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 yaln\u0131zca ne kadar toprak kontrol etti\u011fiyle, ka\u00e7 kilometre yol yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131yla veya ka\u00e7 silahl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 engelledi\u011fiyle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclemez. Ayn\u0131 zamanda yurtta\u015flar\u0131na hangi hayat\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Taliban\u2019\u0131n iktidardaki be\u015finci y\u0131l\u0131, Afganistan\u2019\u0131n sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemine ili\u015fkin temel bir yan\u0131lg\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor: Sava\u015f\u0131n bitmesi ile bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Taliban \u00fclkede belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde g\u00fcvenlik ve merkez\u00ee kontrol sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olabilir. Fakat bu kontrol, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kamusal hayattan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn daralt\u0131lmas\u0131, siyasal \u00e7o\u011fulculu\u011fun ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve temel haklar\u0131n ideolojik bir y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na tabi h\u00e2le getirilmesi \u00fczerine kuruluyorsa buna toplumsal bar\u0131\u015f demek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Daha da \u00f6nemlisi, uluslararas\u0131 toplumun Taliban y\u00f6netimiyle giderek geni\u015fleyen pragmatik ili\u015fkileri Afganistan\u2019daki rejimin gelece\u011fini belirleyecek temel unsurlardan biri olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bug\u00fcn as\u0131l soru Taliban\u2019\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 toplum taraf\u0131ndan ne zaman \u201cnormal\u201d kabul edilece\u011fi de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n As\u0131l soru \u015fudur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Uluslararas\u0131 toplum, Taliban\u2019la ili\u015fkilerini normalle\u015ftirirken Afgan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131n anormalle\u015fmesini ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kabullenmeye haz\u0131rd\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Loya Jirga salonunda yap\u0131lan be\u015finci y\u0131l kutlamas\u0131nda tek bir kad\u0131n\u0131n dahi bulunmamas\u0131 bu nedenle basit bir protokol ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n O bo\u015f koltuklar, Afganistan\u2019\u0131n yeni siyasal d\u00fczeninin foto\u011fraf\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Taliban\u2019\u0131n \u201cistikrar\u201d olarak sundu\u011fu d\u00fczenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lan milyonlar\u0131; e\u011fitim hakk\u0131 elinden al\u0131nan k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 engellenen kad\u0131nlar\u0131, susturulan gazetecileri ve kamusal alandan silinen yurtta\u015flar\u0131 temsil etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ve belki de Afganistan\u2019\u0131n be\u015finci y\u0131l\u0131nda verilmesi gereken en temel h\u00fck\u00fcm \u015fudur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bir \u00fclkede sokaklar\u0131n sessizle\u015fmesi, toplumun \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez. Bazen sessizlik, bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n de\u011fil; konu\u015fma hakk\u0131 elinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir toplumun g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Afganistan\u2019da bug\u00fcn \u201cistikrar\u201d ad\u0131na kurulan d\u00fczenin ger\u00e7ek siyasi bilan\u00e7osu da tam olarak burada yatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Taliban y\u00f6netiminin Kabil\u2019deki tarih\u00ee Loya Jirga salonunda...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10334,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,29],"tags":[],"manset":[],"bilesen":[],"class_list":["post-10333","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-makaleler","category-manset"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10333","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10333"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10333\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10335,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10333\/revisions\/10335"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10334"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10333"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10333"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10333"},{"taxonomy":"manset","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manset?post=10333"},{"taxonomy":"bilesen","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bilesen?post=10333"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kamusal hayattan silinmesi bir yan sonu\u00e7 de\u011fil, rejim politikas\u0131d\u0131r<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131ndaki yasaklar\u0131n bedelini gelecek ku\u015faklar \u00f6deyecek<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u201c\u0130stikrar\u201d kavram\u0131 kimin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ifade ediyor?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0130nsan haklar\u0131 krizi kad\u0131nlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
As\u0131l \u00e7eli\u015fki: Taliban de\u011fi\u015fmedi, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n Taliban\u2019a yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiyor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Reelpoliti\u011fin g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen bedeli<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Afganistan\u2019\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck kayb\u0131 bug\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fil, yar\u0131n\u0131n kayb\u0131d\u0131r<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
G\u00fcvenlik var, yurtta\u015fl\u0131k yok<\/h2>\n\n\n\n