11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, yaln\u0131zca ABD tarihinin de\u011fil, uluslararas\u0131 sistemin sonraki yirmi y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen en \u00f6nemli k\u0131r\u0131lma noktalar\u0131ndan biri oldu. D\u00fcnya Ticaret Merkezi ve Pentagon\u2019a y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan ABD y\u00f6netimi \u201cter\u00f6re kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u201d s\u00f6ylemini uluslararas\u0131 politikan\u0131n merkezine yerle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak 11 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fc, ABD\u2019nin bu tarihten sonra birdenbire geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve kendili\u011finden bir politikan\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirmek do\u011fru de\u011fildir. ABD emperyalizminin So\u011fuk Sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda olu\u015fan ko\u015fullar\u0131 kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda yeniden bi\u00e7imlendirmek, sars\u0131lmaya ba\u015flayan hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki askeri-siyasal etkinli\u011fini yeni bir d\u00fczeye ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in zaten yeni bir s\u00fcrece ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131. Var olan d\u00f6nemin y\u00f6ntemleri art\u0131k ABD a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yeterli de\u011fildi; daha sald\u0131rgan, daha do\u011frudan ve askeri m\u00fcdahaleyi merkezine alan yeni bir a\u015famaya ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in bunu me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131racak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131r\u0131lma gerekiyordu. 11 Eyl\u00fcl sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 tam da bu ge\u00e7i\u015fin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu nedenle 11 Eyl\u00fcl sonras\u0131nda ilan edilen \u201cter\u00f6re kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u201d, yaln\u0131zca sald\u0131r\u0131lara verilmi\u015f bir g\u00fcvenlik tepkisi de\u011fildi. \u00c7ok daha \u00f6nceden birikmi\u015f olan ekonomik, siyasal ve askeri ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan tarihsel bir f\u0131rsata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. ABD, 11 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcn yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumsal atmosferi ve uluslararas\u0131 deste\u011fi kullanarak kendi k\u00fcresel stratejisini yeni ko\u015fullara uyarlad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Afganistan\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgali bu d\u00f6nemin ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck ad\u0131m\u0131yd\u0131. Taliban y\u00f6netiminin El Kaide\u2019ye sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 destek gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterildi ve Afganistan, yirmi y\u0131l s\u00fcrecek bir sava\u015f\u0131n i\u00e7ine s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi. Ard\u0131ndan Irak i\u015fgali geldi. Kitle imha silahlar\u0131 iddias\u0131, daha sonra temelsiz oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bir \u00fclkenin i\u015fgal edilmesinin temel gerek\u00e7elerinden biri haline getirildi. Milyonlarca insan sava\u015f\u0131n, g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn, yoksullu\u011fun ve siyasal par\u00e7alanman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, emperyalist sistemin i\u015fleyi\u015fine ili\u015fkin temel bir ger\u00e7e\u011fi yeniden g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr hale getirdi: B\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131ndaki rekabet yaln\u0131zca ekonomik alanda y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcyor. Pazarlar, enerji kaynaklar\u0131, ticaret yollar\u0131, askeri \u00fcsler ve stratejik b\u00f6lgeler \u00fczerindeki m\u00fccadele, gerekti\u011finde askeri g\u00fc\u00e7le tamamlan\u0131yor. Kapitalist d\u00fcnya ekonomisindeki e\u015fitsizlikler derinle\u015ftik\u00e7e devletler aras\u0131ndaki rekabet de daha sert bi\u00e7imler al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
11 Eyl\u00fcl sonras\u0131nda ABD\u2019nin izledi\u011fi politika bu a\u00e7\u0131dan de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, \u201cter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele\u201d s\u00f6ylemi ile hegemonya m\u00fccadelesi aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Afganistan ve Irak sava\u015flar\u0131, NATO\u2019nun geni\u015fleyen askeri rol\u00fc, Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahaleler, ekonomik yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ve rejim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi giri\u015fimleri birbirinden kopuk olaylar de\u011fildir. Bunlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc, ABD\u2019nin So\u011fuk Sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda elde etti\u011fi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc koruma, sars\u0131lan hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131 yeniden tahkim etme ve rakip g\u00fc\u00e7lerin hareket alan\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imleri olarak okunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ABD\u2019nin 11 Eyl\u00fcl sonras\u0131nda att\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131mlar, yaln\u0131zca tek tek y\u00f6netimlerin tercihleriyle ya da d\u00f6nemsel g\u00fcvenlik kayg\u0131lar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. Bu politikalar, emperyalist sistem i\u00e7indeki g\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fccadeleleri ve ABD\u2019nin d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011findeki hegemonik konumunu koruma \u00e7abas\u0131yla birlikte ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. 11 Eyl\u00fcl bu y\u00f6nelimin nedeni de\u011fil, daha \u00f6nceden olgunla\u015fmakta olan bu stratejinin \u00e7ok daha a\u00e7\u0131k, sald\u0131rgan ve kapsaml\u0131 bi\u00e7imde uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7an tarihsel e\u015fik olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nem, ABD hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. \u00c7in\u2019in ekonomik ve teknolojik y\u00fckseli\u015fi, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n askeri ve jeopolitik etkinli\u011fini art\u0131rmas\u0131, b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin daha ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z politikalar izlemeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin giderek \u00e7ok merkezli bir yap\u0131ya y\u00f6nelmesi uluslararas\u0131 sistemdeki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengelerini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. ABD h\u00e2l\u00e2 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck askeri ve ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden biri olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcrd\u00fcremedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu de\u011fi\u015fim beraberinde yeni gerilimler getirdi. Emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131ndaki rekabet yaln\u0131zca diplomasi alan\u0131nda de\u011fil; silahlanma, askeri ittifaklar, ekonomik yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar, teknoloji sava\u015flar\u0131 ve vek\u00e2let \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00fczerinden de s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bir yanda ABD ve NATO ekseni, di\u011fer yanda y\u00fckselen \u00c7in, Rusya ve \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadele, uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkileri giderek daha istikrars\u0131z hale getiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu tablonun bedelini ise \u00e7o\u011funlukla i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, emek\u00e7iler ve sava\u015f b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015fayan halklar \u00f6d\u00fcyor. Sava\u015f b\u00fct\u00e7eleri b\u00fcy\u00fcrken sosyal harcamalar k\u0131s\u0131tlanabiliyor; ekonomik krizlerin faturas\u0131 \u00fccretlilere ve yoksullara \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor. Enerji ve g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015flardan kitlesel g\u00f6\u00e7lere kadar bir\u00e7ok sorun, b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131ndaki rekabetin do\u011frudan ya da dolayl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olarak toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131 etkiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
11 Eyl\u00fcl sonras\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca d\u0131\u015f politika de\u011fil, i\u00e7 politika da de\u011fi\u015fti. \u201cUlusal g\u00fcvenlik\u201d ve \u201cter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele\u201d gerek\u00e7eleriyle devletlerin g\u00f6zetim ve denetim kapasitesi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geni\u015fledi. Yeni g\u00fcvenlik yasalar\u0131, kitlesel g\u00f6zetim sistemleri, s\u0131n\u0131r kontrolleri ve polis yetkilerindeki art\u0131\u015f, demokratik haklar ile g\u00fcvenlik politikalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki gerilimi b\u00fcy\u00fctt\u00fc. B\u00f6ylece d\u0131\u015far\u0131daki sava\u015f ve m\u00fcdahale politikalar\u0131yla i\u00e7erideki g\u00fcvenlik\u00e7i d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm birbirini tamamlayan s\u00fcre\u00e7ler haline geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Afganistan\u2019dan yirmi y\u0131l sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u00e7ekilme ise bu d\u00f6nemin \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 sembollerinden biri oldu. ABD, Taliban\u2019\u0131 iktidardan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla girdi\u011fi \u00fclkeden, Taliban\u2019\u0131n yeniden iktidara geldi\u011fi ko\u015fullarda ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Trilyonlarca dolarl\u0131k sava\u015f harcamas\u0131na, on binlerce can kayb\u0131na ve yirmi y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u015fgale ra\u011fmen Afganistan\u2019da kal\u0131c\u0131 bir siyasal d\u00fczen kurulamad\u0131. Bu sonu\u00e7, askeri \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn toplumsal ve siyasal sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmeye yetmedi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 11 Eyl\u00fcl sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nem yaln\u0131zca \u201cter\u00f6rle sava\u015f\u201d tarihi de\u011fildir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda hegemonya krizi, emperyalist rekabet, militarizm, ekonomik e\u015fitsizlik ve siyasal gericilik tarihidir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015fanan sava\u015flar ve krizler, kapitalist sistem i\u00e7indeki g\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fccadelelerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
11 Eyl\u00fcl, bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ABD emperyalizminin yeni bir tarihsel evreye ge\u00e7i\u015fini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6neme\u00e7tir. \u00d6nceden var olan y\u00f6nelimler bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha a\u00e7\u0131k, sistemli ve sald\u0131rgan bir bi\u00e7ime b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f; \u201cter\u00f6re kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u201d s\u00f6ylemi d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki m\u00fcdahalelerin ideolojik ve siyasal gerek\u00e7esine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bug\u00fcn uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczenin temel \u00e7eli\u015fkileri ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir. Aksine ekonomik krizler, silahlanma yar\u0131\u015f\u0131, enerji ve pazar m\u00fccadeleleri, b\u00f6lgesel sava\u015flar ve b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131ndaki rekabet yeni bi\u00e7imler alt\u0131nda s\u00fcrmektedir. Bu nedenle 11 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fc yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sald\u0131r\u0131 olarak de\u011fil, ard\u0131ndan kurulan sava\u015f ve g\u00fcvenlik d\u00fczeninin en \u00f6nemli d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131ndan biri olarak de\u011ferlendirmek gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yirmi y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan deneyimin ortaya koydu\u011fu temel sonu\u00e7lardan biri \u015fudur: Emperyalist rekabetin ve kapitalist \u00e7\u0131kar m\u00fccadelelerinin egemen oldu\u011fu bir d\u00fcnyada sava\u015f ve krizler istisna de\u011fil, sistemin yeniden ve yeniden \u00fcretti\u011fi olgulard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, yaln\u0131zca ABD tarihinin...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10540,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,5,29],"tags":[],"manset":[],"bilesen":[],"class_list":["post-10539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-basin-aciklamalari","category-etkinlikler","category-manset"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10539"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10539\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10541,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10539\/revisions\/10541"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10540"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10539"},{"taxonomy":"manset","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manset?post=10539"},{"taxonomy":"bilesen","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bilesen?post=10539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}