{"id":10930,"date":"2026-10-29T19:40:07","date_gmt":"2026-10-29T16:40:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/?p=10930"},"modified":"2026-10-29T19:40:08","modified_gmt":"2026-10-29T16:40:08","slug":"kimin-cumhuriyeti-kimin-bayrami-eren-aydin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/2026\/10\/29\/kimin-cumhuriyeti-kimin-bayrami-eren-aydin\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0130M\u0130N CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130, K\u0130M\u0130N BAYRAMI? \u2013 Eren Ayd\u0131n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">103 Y\u0131ll\u0131k Cumhuriyetin G\u00f6lgesinde: Tek\u00e7i Ulus Devlet, Katliamlar, Asimilasyon ve Halklar\u0131n E\u015fitlik Sorunu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir devletin ad\u0131na \u201cCumhuriyet\u201d yazmak, onu kendili\u011finden halk\u0131n cumhuriyeti yapmaz. Cumhuriyetin ger\u00e7ek niteli\u011fi, hangi s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n iktidar\u0131n\u0131 temsil etti\u011fi, hangi halklar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kimleri siyasal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik ya\u015fam\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorgulanarak anla\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">29 Ekim 2026. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti&#8217;nin kurulu\u015funun \u00fczerinden 103 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meydanlar bayraklarla donat\u0131l\u0131yor. Resm\u00ee t\u00f6renlerde Cumhuriyet&#8217;in kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Okullarda, devlet kurumlar\u0131nda ve ekranlarda ayn\u0131 s\u00f6zler tekrarlan\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cEgemenlik kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z milletindir!\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Peki ama hangi milletin?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hangi halklar\u0131n, hangi inan\u00e7lar\u0131n, hangi s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n egemenli\u011finden s\u00f6z ediliyor?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u00fcrtlerin, Ermenilerin, S\u00fcryanilerin, Ezidilerin, Alevilerin, Pontos Rumlar\u0131n\u0131n ve bu co\u011frafyada ya\u015fayan di\u011fer halklar\u0131n ve inan\u00e7 topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel deneyimleri, Cumhuriyet&#8217;in resm\u00ee anlat\u0131s\u0131nda ne kadar yer buluyor?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yurdundan s\u00fcr\u00fclenlerin, dili bask\u0131 alt\u0131na al\u0131nanlar\u0131n, inanc\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lananlar\u0131n, k\u00f6yleri bo\u015falt\u0131lanlar\u0131n, yak\u0131nlar\u0131 katledilenlerin haf\u0131zas\u0131nda Cumhuriyet nas\u0131l bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131yor?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Birileri i\u00e7in kurtulu\u015fun ve bayram\u0131n tarihi olan 29 Ekim, ba\u015fkalar\u0131 i\u00e7in ink\u00e2r\u0131n, kay\u0131plar\u0131n ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015f adalet taleplerinin hat\u0131rlat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cumhuriyet&#8217;in 103. y\u0131l\u0131nda as\u0131l mesele yaln\u0131zca bir devletin kurulu\u015funu kutlamak de\u011fildir. Mesele, o devletin bir as\u0131r boyunca halklarla, inan\u00e7larla ve emek\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131flarla kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fkiyi sorgulayabilmektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc cumhuriyet bir y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imidir. Demokrasi ise o y\u00f6netimin toplumsal i\u00e7eri\u011fiyle, siyasal kat\u0131l\u0131mla, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerle ve e\u015fitlikle ilgilidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu ikisi her zaman ayn\u0131 anlama gelmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lenin: Her cumhuriyet halk\u0131n iktidar\u0131 de\u011fildir<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vladimir \u0130lyi\u00e7 Lenin, 1917&#8217;de kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Devlet ve Devrim adl\u0131 eserinde, demokratik cumhuriyetin kapitalist toplumdaki s\u0131n\u0131fsal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u015f\u00f6yle yazar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck bir az\u0131nl\u0131k i\u00e7in demokrasi, zenginler i\u00e7in demokrasi \u2014 kapitalist toplumun demokrasisi budur.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lenin burada, cumhuriyet bi\u00e7iminin tek ba\u015f\u0131na ekonomik ve toplumsal e\u015fitli\u011fi g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sverdlov \u00dcniversitesi&#8217;nde verdi\u011fi Devlet \u00dczerine ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 konferansta ise demokratik cumhuriyetin ve genel oy hakk\u0131n\u0131n feodalizme k\u0131yasla b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ilerleme oldu\u011funu kabul eder; buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k sermayenin toplumsal iktidar\u0131n\u0131n bu siyasal bi\u00e7im alt\u0131nda da devam edebilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, Cumhuriyet&#8217;in tarihsel karakterini sorgulamak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir teorik \u00e7er\u00e7eve sunar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir devletin ba\u015f\u0131nda padi\u015fah bulunmamas\u0131, o devlette emek\u00e7ilerin ger\u00e7ek anlamda iktidar sahibi oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir \u00fclkenin anayasas\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn yurtta\u015flar\u0131n e\u015fit oldu\u011funun yaz\u0131lmas\u0131, farkl\u0131 halklar\u0131n dillerinin ve kimliklerinin e\u015fit ko\u015fullarda ya\u015fayabildi\u011fini kendili\u011finden g\u00f6stermez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir devletin kendisini laik olarak tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 da b\u00fct\u00fcn inan\u00e7 topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n uygulamada e\u015fit muamele g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131tlamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cumhuriyet, saltanat\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, hukuk ve e\u011fitim alan\u0131ndaki reformlar vb geni\u015fletilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli tarihsel de\u011fi\u015fimler yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ancak bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, ayn\u0131 zamanda merkeziyet\u00e7i, tek ulusal kimli\u011fe dayal\u0131 ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ortak bir T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir devlet in\u015fas\u0131yla birlikte ilerledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cumhuriyet&#8217;in tarihsel ilerlemelerini kabul etmek ile onun ink\u00e2r, asimilasyon ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal e\u015fitsizliklerini ele\u015ftirmek birbirini d\u0131\u015flamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tek millet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve \u00e7ok kimlikli Anadolu&#8217;nun ink\u00e2r\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anadolu ve Mezopotamya, tarih boyunca farkl\u0131 halklar\u0131n, dillerin, dinlerin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir co\u011frafya oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrkler, K\u00fcrtler, Ermeniler, S\u00fcryaniler, Rumlar, Araplar ve di\u011fer halklar bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n tarihsel dokusunu olu\u015fturdu. Ezidiler ve Aleviler gibi farkl\u0131 inan\u00e7 topluluklar\u0131 da kendi gelenekleri, rit\u00fcelleri ve toplumsal haf\u0131zalar\u0131yla bu \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cumhuriyet&#8217;in kurulu\u015f s\u00fcrecinde ise bu \u00e7e\u015fitlilik, e\u015fit kolektif haklar\u0131n tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fulcu bir model \u00fczerinden \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ulus devletin in\u015fas\u0131nda T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fi merkez\u00ee konuma yerle\u015ftirildi. Di\u011fer kimliklerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131; baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise zorunlu isk\u00e2n, dil politikalar\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel asimilasyon yoluyla devletin tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ulusal kimli\u011fe yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Burada kritik ayr\u0131m \u015fudur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Halklar\u0131n birlikte ya\u015famas\u0131 ile halklar\u0131n tek bir kimlik alt\u0131nda eritilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Birincisi e\u015fitlik ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 tan\u0131nmayla; ikincisi ise hiyerar\u015fi ve asimilasyonla ili\u015fkili olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cumhuriyet&#8217;in y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihindeki temel sorunlardan biri, bu iki yakla\u015f\u0131m aras\u0131ndaki gerilimdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131: Cumhuriyetin devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihsel miras<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1915\u20131916 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130ttihat ve Terakki y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, Cumhuriyet&#8217;in ilan\u0131ndan \u00f6nce ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu tarihsel kronoloji \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ancak Cumhuriyet&#8217;in kurulu\u015funu, Ermenilerin kitlesel olarak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmesi, m\u00fclklerine el konulmas\u0131 ve Anadolu&#8217;nun demografik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle olu\u015fan tarihsel mirastan b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011ferlendirmek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cumhuriyet, bu b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yeniden bi\u00e7imlenmi\u015f bir co\u011frafyada kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n ink\u00e2r\u0131 ve tarihsel adalet sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fcz b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, devletin resm\u00ee tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n ve onlar\u0131n torunlar\u0131n\u0131n haf\u0131zas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki u\u00e7urumu derinle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir cumhuriyetin ge\u00e7mi\u015fle y\u00fczle\u015fmesi, yaln\u0131zca tarih\u00ee olaylar\u0131 anmakla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00fclkiyet kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n, yerinden edilmenin ve ku\u015faklar boyunca aktar\u0131lan travmalar\u0131n da tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tarihsel adalet, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin \u00fczerini \u00f6rterek de\u011fil, ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n sesine yer a\u00e7arak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pontos Rumlar\u0131: Karadeniz&#8217;in susturulan haf\u0131zas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Karadeniz&#8217;in tarihini yaln\u0131zca bug\u00fcn\u00fcn ulusal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ve kimlikleri \u00fczerinden okumak, Pontos Rumlar\u0131n\u0131n bu co\u011frafyadaki uzun tarihsel varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 eksik b\u0131rak\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trabzon&#8217;dan Giresun&#8217;a, Samsun&#8217;dan \u00e7evre yerle\u015fimlere kadar uzanan geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lgede Rum Ortodoks topluluklar\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca ya\u015fad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nun son d\u00f6neminde ve Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele y\u0131llar\u0131nda Pontos Rumlar\u0131 kitlesel s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlere, zorla yerinden edilmelere ve a\u011f\u0131r \u015fiddete maruz kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1921\u20131922 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler ve 1923 T\u00fcrk-Yunan n\u00fcfus m\u00fcbadelesi, b\u00f6lgenin toplumsal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel dokusunu k\u00f6kl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu \u015fiddetin soyk\u0131r\u0131m olarak nitelendirilmesi konusunda farkl\u0131 tarihsel ve siyasal yakla\u015f\u0131mlar bulunmakla birlikte, kitlesel yerinden edilme ve b\u00fcy\u00fck insani kay\u0131plar tarih ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda belgelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pontos meselesini ele almak, bir halk\u0131 ba\u015fka bir halk\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na yerle\u015ftirmek de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mesele, Karadeniz&#8217;in \u00e7ok dilli ve \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc ge\u00e7mi\u015finin resm\u00ee tarih anlat\u0131s\u0131nda ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde temsil edildi\u011fini sorgulamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir co\u011frafyan\u0131n tarihinden halklar\u0131n izlerini silmek, o co\u011frafyan\u0131n haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 eksiltmektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00fcryaniler: Tur Abdin&#8217;den Avrupa&#8217;ya uzanan g\u00f6\u00e7 ve kay\u0131p<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00fcryaniler, Mezopotamya&#8217;n\u0131n en k\u00f6kl\u00fc Hristiyan topluluklar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tur Abdin, Mardin, Midyat ve \u00e7evresi, S\u00fcryani dilinin, kiliselerinin, manast\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n ve tarihsel k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemli merkezleri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1915 d\u00f6neminde S\u00fcryani ve di\u011fer Do\u011fu Hristiyan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitlesel \u015fiddet, S\u00fcryani haf\u0131zas\u0131nda Seyfo ad\u0131yla an\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde ise g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131, ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k, m\u00fclkiyet anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgedeki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, \u00f6zellikle 1960&#8217;lardan itibaren S\u00fcryanilerin Avrupa&#8217;ya g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bo\u015falan k\u00f6yler, azalan n\u00fcfus ve ku\u015faklar aras\u0131nda kesintiye u\u011frayan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel aktar\u0131m, bu g\u00f6\u00e7lerin kal\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00fcryani toplumunun talepleri yaln\u0131zca din\u00ee ibadet \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Anadilin korunmas\u0131, tarihsel m\u00fclklerin g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve e\u015fit yurtta\u015fl\u0131k da bu tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir cumhuriyetin \u00e7o\u011fulculu\u011fu, yaln\u0131zca \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumas\u0131yla de\u011fil, n\u00fcfus\u00e7a k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck topluluklar\u0131n kendi tarihsel varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesiyle de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ezidiler: \u0130nanc\u0131n ink\u00e2r\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7 ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnmezle\u015ftirilme<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ezidiler, \u00f6zellikle Anadolu ve Mezopotamya&#8217;n\u0131n do\u011fu ve g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda tarihsel varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunan \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir inan\u00e7 toplulu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ezidi inanc\u0131, kendine has kozmolojisi, rit\u00fcelleri ve tarihsel gelenekleriyle ayr\u0131 bir inan\u00e7 sistemidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tarih boyunca Ezidilere y\u00f6nelik dinsel \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar ve d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar, toplulu\u011fun g\u00fcvenlik ve toplumsal ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkiledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;deki Ezidi n\u00fcfusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, \u00f6zellikle 1970&#8217;lerden 1990&#8217;lara uzanan s\u00fcre\u00e7te Avrupa&#8217;ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu g\u00f6\u00e7lerde ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k, tehditler ve g\u00fcvenlik kayg\u0131lar\u0131 da etkili oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ezidilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneyim, Cumhuriyet&#8217;in ulusal ve dinsel \u00e7o\u011fulculuk sorununu yaln\u0131zca etnik kimlik \u00fczerinden tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n neden yetersiz oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir yurtta\u015f\u0131n inanc\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun inan\u00e7 kal\u0131plar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi ya da gizlemesi beklendi\u011finde, e\u015fit yurtta\u015fl\u0131k iddias\u0131 sorunlu h\u00e2le gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130nan\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, yaln\u0131zca \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun inanc\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fayabilmesi de\u011fil, az\u0131nl\u0131kta kalan b\u00fct\u00fcn inan\u00e7 topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n da korkusuzca var olabilmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aleviler: E\u015fit yurtta\u015fl\u0131k, inan\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve tarihsel haf\u0131za<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alevilerin tarihi, Osmanl\u0131&#8217;dan Cumhuriyet&#8217;e uzanan s\u00fcre\u00e7te farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde bask\u0131, d\u0131\u015flanma ve tan\u0131nma m\u00fccadeleleriyle \u015fekillendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cumhuriyet&#8217;in laiklik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, din ile devlet aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi yeniden d\u00fczenledi. Ancak devletin din alan\u0131ndaki kurumsal yap\u0131lanmas\u0131, Alevilerin e\u015fit tan\u0131nma sorununu b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle \u00e7\u00f6zmedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131, zorunlu din derslerinin i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve cemevlerinin stat\u00fcs\u00fc, uzun y\u0131llar Alevi toplumunun e\u015fit yurtta\u015fl\u0131k taleplerinin merkezinde yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli insan haklar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 da bu alanlardaki e\u015fitsizlikleri belgeledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alevi toplumunun kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca ibadethane tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na indirgemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alevi haf\u0131zas\u0131nda Dersim 1937\u20131938, Mara\u015f 1978, \u00c7orum 1980 ve Sivas 1993 gibi a\u011f\u0131r toplumsal \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131 da \u00f6nemli yer tutar. Bu olaylar farkl\u0131 tarihsel ve siyasal ba\u011flamlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olsa da, Alevi toplumunda g\u00fcvenlik, adalet ve e\u015fitlik sorular\u0131n\u0131 ku\u015faklar boyunca canl\u0131 tutmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Laiklik, bir inanc\u0131 di\u011ferlerinin \u00fczerinde tutmadan b\u00fct\u00fcn inan\u00e7lara ve inan\u00e7s\u0131zlara e\u015fit mesafede durabilme meselesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dersim 1937\u20131938: Katliam, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve asimilasyon<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dersim, Cumhuriyet tarihinin en a\u011f\u0131r devlet \u015fiddeti olaylar\u0131ndan birine sahne oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1937\u20131938 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen asker\u00ee harek\u00e2tlar sonucunda binlerce insan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc; siviller katledildi, aileler par\u00e7aland\u0131, insanlar zorla yerlerinden edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ancak Dersim&#8217;i yaln\u0131zca asker\u00ee operasyonlarla a\u00e7\u0131klamak, ya\u015fananlar\u0131n daha geni\u015f boyutunu g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dersim, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir asimilasyon ve zorla toplumsal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme meselesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1934 \u0130sk\u00e2n Kanunu ve d\u00f6nemin merkeziyet\u00e7i ulus devlet politikalar\u0131, b\u00f6lgede n\u00fcfusun denetlenmesi, yerle\u015fim yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n devletin ulusal kimlik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde eritilmesiyle ili\u015fkiliydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dersim&#8217;de \u00e7o\u011funlukla K\u0131rmancki\/Zazaki ve Kurmanci konu\u015fan, \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Alevi inan\u00e7 gelene\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 topluluklar ya\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00f6lgenin dilsel, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve dinsel yap\u0131s\u0131, devletin merkezile\u015ftirme ve T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme politikalar\u0131n\u0131n hedefi h\u00e2line geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1937\u20131938 Dersim Katliam\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca silahl\u0131 direni\u015fe kat\u0131lanlar de\u011fil, kad\u0131nlar, \u00e7ocuklar ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya kat\u0131lmayan siviller de \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Resm\u00ee belgelere dayanan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda yakla\u015f\u0131k 14 bin ki\u015finin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi ve 12 bin civar\u0131nda ki\u015finin s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi\u011fi belirtilmektedir. Kesin say\u0131lar\u0131n belirlenmesi ve katliam\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar s\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dersimli \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ailelerinden kopar\u0131lmas\u0131, yat\u0131l\u0131 okullara g\u00f6nderilmesi ve ba\u015fka aileler yan\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirilmesi gibi uygulamalar, asimilasyon politikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak incelenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu nedenle Dersim&#8217;i yaln\u0131zca \u201cisyan\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d ya da \u201cg\u00fcvenlik harek\u00e2t\u0131\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlamak, kitlesel sivil \u00f6l\u00fcmleri ve zorla k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamakta yetersiz kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dersim 1937\u20131938, bir katliamd\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda zorunlu s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler ve sistematik asimilasyon politikalar\u0131yla birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmesi gereken tarihsel bir y\u0131k\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu olaylar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca soyk\u0131r\u0131m kavram\u0131yla de\u011ferlendirmektedir. Bu nitelendirme \u00fczerindeki hukuki ve akademik tart\u0131\u015fma, katliam\u0131n ve asimilasyon uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n belgelenmi\u015f niteli\u011fini ortadan kald\u0131rmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dersim&#8217;in haf\u0131zas\u0131nda bu tarih, yaln\u0131zca kaybedilen insanlar\u0131n de\u011fil; susturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan dillerin, par\u00e7alanan ailelerin ve ku\u015faklar boyunca ta\u015f\u0131nan ac\u0131lar\u0131n tarihidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Burada Cumhuriyet&#8217;in kurulu\u015f ideolojisine y\u00f6neltilmesi gereken temel soru \u015fudur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir toplumun dilini, inanc\u0131n\u0131, geleneklerini ve kolektif ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imini zorla d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir devlet, o toplumun \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesine dayal\u0131 bir siyasal aidiyet yaratabilir mi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lenin&#8217;in ulusal sorun yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve halklar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lenin&#8217;in ulusal sorun \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, cumhuriyetin demokratik niteli\u011fini de\u011ferlendirmek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ikinci bir teorik \u00e7er\u00e7eve sunar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lenin, 1914 tarihli Uluslar\u0131n Kendi Kaderini Tayin Hakk\u0131 ve 1916 tarihli Sosyalist Devrim ve Uluslar\u0131n Kendi Kaderini Tayin Hakk\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, ezilen uluslar\u0131n siyasal ayr\u0131lma hakk\u0131 da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere kendi kaderlerini tayin hakk\u0131n\u0131 savunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n merkezinde halklar aras\u0131ndaki e\u015fitsizli\u011fin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc birli\u011fin ancak \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradeyle kurulabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lenin&#8217;in ulusal sorun yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 do\u011frudan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc etnik, dinsel veya k\u00fclt\u00fcrel farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ayn\u0131 siyasal stat\u00fcye sahip oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez. Ancak ulusal ayr\u0131cal\u0131klara, zorla asimilasyona ve bask\u0131c\u0131 birlik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftirel bir temel sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu \u00e7er\u00e7eveden T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti&#8217;nin tarihine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, K\u00fcrtlerin ulusal haklar\u0131 kadar S\u00fcryanilerin dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr haklar\u0131, Ezidilerin inan\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Alevilerin e\u015fit yurtta\u015fl\u0131k talepleri, Pontos Rumlar\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel haf\u0131zas\u0131 ve Ermenilerin adalet talepleri de tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 h\u00e2line gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Burada b\u00fct\u00fcn topluluklar\u0131n ayn\u0131 tarihsel deneyimi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Her halk\u0131n ve inan\u00e7 toplulu\u011funun kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc tarihi, kay\u0131plar\u0131 ve talepleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ancak bunlar\u0131n ortakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel nokta, e\u015fitlik iddias\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca devletin tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funluk kimli\u011finden hareketle kurulamayaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cumhuriyetin s\u0131n\u0131fsal karakteri: Emek\u00e7iler ger\u00e7ekten iktidarda m\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cumhuriyetin tarihsel ele\u015ftirisi, yaln\u0131zca ulusal ve dinsel farkl\u0131l\u0131klarla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cumhuriyet ayn\u0131 zamanda bir s\u0131n\u0131f meselesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lenin&#8217;in Devlet ve Devrim eserindeki ele\u015ftirisinin merkezinde, siyasal haklarla ekonomik iktidar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir \u00fclkede se\u00e7imler yap\u0131labilir, parlamento bulunabilir ve yurtta\u015fl\u0131k haklar\u0131 anayasal g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ancak ekonomik kaynaklar \u00fczerinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir sermaye kesiminin belirleyici g\u00fcc\u00fc devam ediyorsa, emek\u00e7ilerin siyasal e\u015fitli\u011finin maddi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 da tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir fabrika i\u015f\u00e7isi, maden emek\u00e7isi, tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7isi, i\u015fsiz gen\u00e7 ya da yoksullukla m\u00fccadele eden emekli a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan cumhuriyetin anlam\u0131, yaln\u0131zca hukuki vatanda\u015fl\u0131k stat\u00fcs\u00fc de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00fcvenceli i\u015f, insanca \u00fccret, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kamusal e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve bar\u0131nma hakk\u0131 da demokratik ya\u015fam\u0131n temel unsurlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u0131n\u0131fsal e\u015fitsizlikle ulusal ve inan\u00e7 temelli ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k farkl\u0131 sorunlard\u0131r; ancak bir insan bunlar\u0131n birden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 anda ya\u015fayabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d6rne\u011fin K\u00fcrt bir mevsimlik i\u015f\u00e7inin ekonomik g\u00fcvencesizli\u011fiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 dilsel ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00fcryani bir emek\u00e7inin m\u00fclkiyet ve g\u00fcvenlik kayg\u0131lar\u0131, Ezidi bir yurtta\u015f\u0131n inan\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc meselesi ya da Alevi bir i\u015f\u00e7inin e\u015fit yurtta\u015fl\u0131k talebi, ekonomik ve siyasal ya\u015fam\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu nedenle sosyalist bir cumhuriyet ele\u015ftirisi, hem ekonomik s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc hem de kimlikler aras\u0131ndaki e\u015fitsizlikleri incelemek durumundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Devletin politikalar\u0131 ile halklar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tarihsel \u015fiddet ve asimilasyon politikalar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirirken \u00f6nemli bir ayr\u0131m\u0131 korumak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Devletin uygulamalar\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcn bir halk\u0131n kolektif olarak su\u00e7lanmas\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrk halk\u0131 ile devletin tarihsel y\u00f6netici kadrolar\u0131, emek\u00e7iler ile egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar, s\u0131radan yurtta\u015flar ile devletin g\u00fcvenlik ve asimilasyon politikalar\u0131 birbirine indirgenemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin tarihinde farkl\u0131 kimliklerden emek\u00e7iler kimi zaman birbirine kar\u015f\u0131 konumland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, kimi zaman da ortak demokratik ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal m\u00fccadelelerde bir araya gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Halklar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131lar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmak, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n\u0131 etnik kimliklerinden dolay\u0131 su\u00e7lamak anlam\u0131na gelmemelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tarihsel sorumluluk, karar al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n, kurumlar\u0131n, politikalar\u0131n ve bunlar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesini gerektirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir halk\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u015fka bir halk\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine kurulmak zorunda de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E\u015fitlik, farkl\u0131 kimliklerin birbirini ink\u00e2r etmeden birlikte ya\u015famas\u0131yla anlam kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">103 y\u0131l sonra: Cumhuriyet kimin cumhuriyeti?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cumhuriyet&#8217;in kurulu\u015funun 103. y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde yaln\u0131zca tarihsel bir kutlama de\u011fil, ciddi bir demokratik sorgulama bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cumhuriyet, monar\u015finin sona ermesiyle \u00f6nemli bir siyasal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Ancak bu tarihsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn, ulusal kimlik, inan\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, s\u0131n\u0131fsal e\u015fitlik ve devlet \u015fiddeti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7eli\u015fkiler de vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n miras\u0131yla y\u00fczle\u015fmeden, Pontos Rumlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve yerinden edilme tarihini konu\u015fmadan, S\u00fcryanilerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lmadan, Ezidilerin inan\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 ele almadan, Alevilerin e\u015fit yurtta\u015fl\u0131k taleplerine cevap aramadan ve Dersim Katliam\u0131 ile asimilasyon politikalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fmadan, Cumhuriyet&#8217;in b\u00fct\u00fcn toplum kesimleri i\u00e7in ne ifade etti\u011fini anlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde emek\u00e7ilerin ekonomik ve siyasal haklar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmadan da bir cumhuriyetin s\u0131n\u0131fsal karakteri anla\u015f\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">103 y\u0131l sonra sorulmas\u0131 gereken soru yaln\u0131zca \u201cCumhuriyet bize ne kazand\u0131rd\u0131?\u201d de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir ba\u015fka soru daha vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cumhuriyet hangi halklar\u0131n, hangi inan\u00e7lar\u0131n, hangi emek\u00e7i kesimlerin haklar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131; hangilerini s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rd\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez k\u0131ld\u0131 veya bask\u0131 alt\u0131na ald\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cumhuriyetin demokratik niteli\u011fi, resm\u00ee t\u00f6renlerin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden \u00e7ok, bu sorulara verilebilecek cevaplarla ilgilidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir cumhuriyetin halk\u0131n cumhuriyeti olma iddias\u0131, yaln\u0131zca \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun de\u011fil, en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck toplulu\u011fun da dilini, kimli\u011fini, inanc\u0131n\u0131 ve ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alabilmesiyle s\u0131nan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lenin&#8217;in cumhuriyet ve s\u0131n\u0131f iktidar\u0131 \u00fczerine ele\u015ftirisi de, uluslar\u0131n kendi kaderini tayin hakk\u0131 \u00fczerine geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi yakla\u015f\u0131m da siyasal bi\u00e7im ile ger\u00e7ek toplumsal \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">29 Ekim 2026&#8217;da, 103 y\u0131ll\u0131k Cumhuriyet&#8217;in \u00f6n\u00fcnde duran tarihsel sorular bunlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ve bu sorular yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7mi\u015fe ili\u015fkin de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bug\u00fcn nas\u0131l bir demokrasi, nas\u0131l bir e\u015fitlik ve nas\u0131l bir ortak gelecek kurulabilece\u011fiyle do\u011frudan ilgilidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc halk\u0131n cumhuriyeti olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, devletin ad\u0131nda de\u011fil; halklar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011finde, emek\u00e7ilerin haklar\u0131nda, tarihsel adalette ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin ger\u00e7ek ya\u015famda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmas\u0131nda aranmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>103 Y\u0131ll\u0131k Cumhuriyetin G\u00f6lgesinde: Tek\u00e7i Ulus Devlet,&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10931,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,29],"tags":[],"manset":[],"bilesen":[],"class_list":["post-10930","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-makaleler","category-manset"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10930","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10930"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10930\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10932,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10930\/revisions\/10932"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10930"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10930"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10930"},{"taxonomy":"manset","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manset?post=10930"},{"taxonomy":"bilesen","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bilesen?post=10930"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}