\u201cHi\u00e7 kimse, insanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha de\u011ferli bir \u015fey i\u00e7in sava\u015fmamal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cBar\u0131\u015f\u0131 kazanmak kolay \u015fey de\u011fildir. Zorluklar\u0131 ve elveri\u015fli etkenleri ile uzun, \u00e7etin, karma\u015f\u0131k bir m\u00fccadeledir\u201d (Ho Chi Minh)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ulusal sosyal kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadeleleri tarihi yenilgiler ve zaferlerle doludur. Tarihi ge\u00e7en sadece ulusal-sosyal kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelelerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, \u00f6nemli olaylar\u0131, belirli kesitleri de\u011fildir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu isyan ve olaylar\u0131n mimarlar\u0131 da olumlu veya olumsuz yanlar\u0131yla tarihteki yerlerini al\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck Ekim devrimi Lerinin\u2019siz \u00c7in devrimi Mao\u2019suz, K\u00fcba devrimi Che ve Castro\u2019suz, ele al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, Vietnam devrimi de Ho Chi Minh\u2019siz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Y\u0131llarca Japonya, Fransa ve ABD\u2019nin i\u015fgal\/s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f olan Vietnam uzun s\u00fcren bir m\u00fccadele sonucunda zafere ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Vietnam kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesinin insanl\u0131k tarihinde \u00f6nemli ve unutulmaz y\u00f6nleri oldu\u011fu ink\u00e2r edilemez bir ger\u00e7ektir. \u0130nsan iradesinin, inanc\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra insanl\u0131k ay\u0131b\u0131n\u0131n ve vah\u015fetin en a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekliyle ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00fclkedir Vietnam\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vietnam devrim \u00f6nderi Ho Chi Minh\u2019siz \u00f6\u011frencilik y\u0131llar\u0131nda Frans\u0131z y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k eylemlere kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u00dclkesinden ayr\u0131larak iki y\u0131l boyunca bir \u015filepte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131; Akdeniz ve Afrika limanlar\u0131nda dola\u015ft\u0131. Frans\u0131z s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131ndaki \u00fclkeleri yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131d\u0131. Daha sonra gitti\u011fi Fransa\u2019da sosyalist d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc benimsedi. 1920\u2019de Frans\u0131z Kom\u00fcnist Partisi kurucular\u0131ndan biri oldu, Vietnam seksiyonu i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
1934\u2019te Rusya\u2019ya ge\u00e7ti ve kom\u00fcnist partinin ileri gelenleri i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131lan Lenin Okulu\u2019nda e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fc. E\u011fitimi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme, silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadele vs \u015feyleri kaps\u0131yordu. Burada ideolojik e\u011fitimini tamamlad\u0131, \u00fclkesini nas\u0131l ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ula\u015f\u0131rabilece\u011fini art\u0131k biliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Uzun y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi becerileri onu k\u0131sa zaman i\u00e7inde Japon i\u015fgalcilere kar\u015f\u0131 bir direni\u015f lideri yapar. Kendisine Ho Chi Minh ad\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde verilmi\u015ftir. Japon i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fi gerilla sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n lideri olarak destek bulmak amac\u0131yla \u00c7in\u2019e ge\u00e7er. \u00c7an Kay \u015eek\u2019in emriyle \u00c7in\u2019de tutuklan\u0131r uzun y\u0131lar tutsak \u00c7in\u2019de tutsak kal\u0131r\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1884\u2019telerde ba\u015flayan Frans\u0131z i\u015fgaline, bask\u0131 ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etmeye ba\u015flayan Vietnam halk\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fccadelesinin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olan Ho Chi Minh ilk ad\u0131m olarak 1925\u2019te kurulan ve olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olan ancak \u00fc\u00e7 fraksiyona ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan Vietnam Devrimci Gen\u00e7lik Birli\u011finin bir araya getirerek 1930 \u00c7inhindi kom\u00fcnist partisini kurmak oldu. Ayn\u0131 zamanda 1924 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki kom\u00fcnist enternasyonal be\u015finci kongresine kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrge sorunu \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylev ve ele\u015ftirileriyle Kom\u00fcntern\u2019in g\u00fcvenini kazanm\u0131\u015f ve \u00fcyesi olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na daha s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 sar\u0131lan Ho Chi Minh, iki payla\u015f\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Fransa\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fgali ve Fransa s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerinin gerek milliyet\u00e7i gerekse anti-s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci ve kom\u00fcnistlere kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 imha politikas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm yurtsever-ilerici-kom\u00fcnist \u00f6rg\u00fctlerle bir Birle\u015fik Cephe olu\u015fturdu. B\u00f6ylece Vietnam\u2019\u0131n Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Birle\u015fik Cephe olu\u015fturuldu. Nguen Giap, Pham Von Dong, Hoang\u2026 gibi yurtsever, devrimci \u00f6nderlerle birlikte hareket etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Frans\u0131z s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fine son vermek \u00fczere kurulmu\u015f olan bu Cephe birli\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sava\u015f\u0131ma ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Nguen Giap\u2019\u0131n sava\u015f kurmayl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00fcst\u00fcn ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131yla Frans\u0131zlar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yenilgiye u\u011frad\u0131lar. Y\u00f6netimin Demokratik Cumhuriyet H\u00fck\u00fcmetine teslim edilmesiyle top y\u00fck\u00fcn direnme Sava\u015f\u0131 politikas\u0131yla Vietnam halk\u0131 toplu bir ayaklanmaya haz\u0131rlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n arkas\u0131ndan gelen A\u011fustos Devrimi ile, Viet Minh\u2019in kom\u00fcnist lideri Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam\u2019\u0131n Frans\u0131z Hindi\u00e7ini\u2019nden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Vietnam Demokratik Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funu ilan etti. Bu durum \u00fczerine, Vietnam \u00fczerinde yeniden hakimiyet kurmak isteyen Fransa harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve Aral\u0131k 1946\u2019da Birinci \u00c7inhindi Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Viet Minh\u2019in Vietnam\u2019\u0131n k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerinin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu kontrol etmesi, 1954\u2019te Frans\u0131z yenilgisiyle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cenevre Konferans\u0131\u2019ndaki m\u00fczakereler sava\u015f\u0131 sonland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve Vietnam ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek, Kuzey Vietnam Demokratik Cumhuriyeti kurulu\u015funu ilan etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan Cenevre bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri ile birlikte Frans\u0131zlar Vietnam\u2019da \u00e7ekilmek durumda kald\u0131. Ancak Frans\u0131zlar \u00fclkeyi terk ederken kontrol\u00fc ABD\u2019ye b\u0131rakt\u0131. Art\u0131k Vietnam halk\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcc\u00fc ve en aymaz olan bir d\u00fc\u015fman vard\u0131 ABD emperyalizmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte Ho Chi Minh ve Vietnam halk\u0131n\u0131n efsanele\u015fen sava\u015f\u0131 as\u0131l olarak o zaman ba\u015flad\u0131. Daha sonralar\u0131 \u201cVietnam sendromu\u201d olarak an\u0131lacak bu d\u00f6nemde ABD emperyalizmi tam bir psikolojik ve toplumsal bozukluk i\u00e7inde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp Vietnam\u2019la de\u011fil de kendisiyle sava\u015facakt\u0131r. Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda itibaren fiili olmasa da kafalar\u0131nda yenilmeye, sava\u015fmay\u0131 kaybetmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Art\u0131k ABD\u2019de de askerlerinde Vietnam direni\u015fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda korkulu d\u00f6nemler ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Nerede ve nas\u0131l bir sald\u0131r\u0131 gelece\u011fi belli olmuyordu. Art\u0131k her an \u00f6l\u00fcmle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelme korkusuyla, \u00f6l\u00fcm tehlikesi ile y\u00fcz y\u00fczeydiler. \u0130nanm\u0131\u015f ve adanm\u0131\u015f olan insan iradesi ABD askerlerini bu duruma sokmu\u015ftu. Evet bu \u2018Vietnam sendromuydu\u2019 bir yanda kendisi ile kavga eden bir yanda da gerilla ve halktan darbe \u00fcst\u00fcne darbe yiyen emperyalistler daha fazla dayanacak g\u00fcc\u00fc kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Vietnam onlar i\u00e7in bir kabusa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 1968 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u2018\u2019Ted sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131\u2019\u2019 Vietnam cehenneminde yedikleri son b\u00fcy\u00fck darbe oldu. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131 ile birlikte ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131 Jonson\u2019un siyasi ya\u015famda bitti ve Kuzey Vietnam\u2019\u0131 bombalamaktan vazge\u00e7mek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Verilen a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar \u00e7ekilen ac\u0131lar sonucu ABD halk\u0131 da aya\u011fa kalkm\u0131\u015f, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda Vietnam\u2019a destek ve ABD emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6steriler ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 68 gen\u00e7li\u011fin ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n simgesi hal\u0131na gelen Vietnam ve \u2018\u2019HO HO HO \u015e\u0130 M\u0130N \u0130K\u0130 \u00dc\u00c7 DAHA FAZLA V\u0130ETNAM\u2019\u2019 d\u00fcnya halklar\u0131n\u0131n direni\u015f parolas\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. Ho Chi Minh, bundan b\u00f6yle sadece Vietnam halk\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7in direnen b\u00fct\u00fcn halklar\u0131n \u201camcas\u0131\u2019yd\u0131 art\u0131k. Sava\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6steriler, Vietnam cehenneminde verilen kay\u0131plar ve kendi kamuoyu bask\u0131s\u0131 ka\u015fs\u0131s\u0131nda ABD Vietnam\u2019da ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r yenilgiyle \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kald\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ne var ki nihai zafer hen\u00fcz uzaktayd\u0131 o pamuk sa\u00e7l\u0131, \u2018\u2019nurani\u2019\u2019 y\u00fczl\u00fc herkese tuhaf gelen sakall\u0131, sade giyimli \u2018\u2019Ho amca\u2019\u2019 70 ya\u015f\u0131na gelmi\u015fti. Zafer g\u00fcne\u015fi \u2018\u2019Ho amca\u2019\u2019 i\u00e7in yava\u015f do\u011fuyordu. \u00d6nc\u00fcs\u00fc ve yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu direni\u015fin ad\u0131m ad\u0131m zafere gitti\u011fi s\u00fcre\u00e7te o sadece ilk \u00e7ekilen ABD i\u015fgalcilerini g\u00f6rd\u00fc. 3 Eyl\u00fcl 1969\u2019da \u00fclkesinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131-birli\u011fi ve sosyalizm i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele eden \u2018\u2019Ho amca\u2019\u2019 hayata g\u00f6zlerini kapatt\u0131. Ama s\u0131n\u0131f sava\u015f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman hi\u00e7bir ko\u015fulda durmad\u0131. \u2018\u2019Ho amca\u2019\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck du\u015fu olan Vietnam Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti 2 Temmuz 1976\u2019da kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bundan yakla\u015f\u0131k 15 y\u0131l sonra ABD emperyalizmi, Vietnam\u2019da Ho Chi Minh ve Vietnam halk\u0131na yenildiklerini resmi olarak a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Vietnam\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyip \u00f6z\u00fcr diledi. Tabi ki bu, ABD emperyalizminin \u2018\u2019timsah g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131\u2019\u2019 ak\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir oyundu. Ama Ho Chi Minh ve Vietnam halk\u0131n\u0131 sosyalizmin emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zaferiydi. Buna ba\u015fta ABD halk\u0131 olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya halklar\u0131 tan\u0131k olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vietnam direni\u015fi ve \u00f6n\u00fcn \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc Ho Chi Minh, bundan b\u00f6yle sadece Vietnam halk\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7in direnen b\u00fct\u00fcn halklar\u0131n \u201camcas\u0131\u2019yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde Vietnam destans\u0131 direni\u015fi ve onun \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc Ho Chi Minh d\u00fcnya halklar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve sosyalizm m\u00fccadelesine rehberlik etmeye devam ediyor\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2019HO HO HO \u015e\u0130 M\u0130N \u0130K\u0130 \u00dc\u00c7 DAHA FAZLA V\u0130ETNAM\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ho Ho Ho Chi Minh, iki \u00fc\u00e7 daha fazla Vietnam, Ernesto\u2019ya bin selam!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2 Eyl\u00fcl 2023<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u201cHi\u00e7 kimse, insanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2206,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"manset":[],"class_list":["post-1594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-makaleler"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1594","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1594"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1594\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2207,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1594\/revisions\/2207"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2206"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1594"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1594"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1594"},{"taxonomy":"manset","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manset?post=1594"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}