1 Ocak 1959\u2019da Latin Amerika\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ada \u00fclkesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen K\u00fcba Devrimi 62. ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kutluyor. O g\u00fcnden bug\u00fcne ABD emperyalizminin ambargosuna, \u00e7e\u015fitli sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na, k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalar\u0131na, yaln\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklere ra\u011fmen ayakta kalmakta direniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1400\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda \u00f6nce \u0130spanyol, Portekiz gibi imparatorluklar\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeleri olan Latin Amerika \u00fclkeleri, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131la gelindi\u011finde ise ABD ve \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin etkisi alt\u0131ndayd\u0131. \u00d6zellikle de 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda K\u00fcba, Dominik, Haiti, Bolivya gibi \u00fclkeler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok Latin Amerika \u00fclkesi, do\u011frudan Amerikanc\u0131 askeri dikta rejimleri ile y\u00f6netilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ta ki, kaynaklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a zengin bu co\u011frafyada yoksullukla bo\u011fu\u015fan halklar tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ncaya kadar. Bu co\u011frafya direni\u015flere, isyanlara elbette ki uzak de\u011fildi. Tarih boyunca \u0130spanyol ve \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeciliklerine kar\u015f\u0131 defalarca isyan etmi\u015fti. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ise ABD emperyalizmine ve onun kurdu\u011fu kukla diktat\u00f6rl\u00fcklere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleler ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda yoksul K\u00fcba halk\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, mafyala\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve yolsuzluklarla ad\u0131n\u0131 duyurmu\u015f bir iktidar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netiliyordu. Bu nedenle yoksul halk katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuvazinin, i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin \u00f6fke ve tepkisini toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde genel se\u00e7imlerde, K\u00fcba Devrimi\u2019nin lideri Fidel Castro da burjuva demokrat bir partiden (bu partinin sol kanad\u0131na mensuptu) aday olmu\u015ftu. Castro o d\u00f6nem hen\u00fcz sosyalist de\u011fildi. Ancak Jose Marti\u2019nin etkisi alt\u0131nda, yurtsever d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere sahipti. Hukuk fak\u00fcltesini yeni bitirmi\u015fti. \u00d6\u011frencili\u011fi boyunca siyasal ya\u015fam\u0131n i\u00e7inde olmu\u015f, daha \u00fcniversitenin ilk y\u0131l\u0131nda Dominik\u2019te diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc devirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olan bir harekete, ikinci y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Kolombiya\u2019da bulundu\u011fu s\u0131rada ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Bogota halk ayaklanmas\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunlar Castro\u2019nun K\u00fcba i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7mesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran ilk eylemlilikler olmu\u015ftu. Castro\u2019nun da aday oldu\u011fu 1952 se\u00e7imleri \u00f6ncesi Batista bir darbe ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek y\u00f6netime el koydu. Siyasi partileri, \u00fcniversiteleri kapatt\u0131, anayasal haklar\u0131 kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. Bask\u0131 ve zor ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 devreye soktu. Castro bu darbe kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Movimiento (Hareket) ismini ta\u015f\u0131yan kendi \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Movimiento, Batista rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 amans\u0131z bir m\u00fccadeleye giri\u015fti. 26 Temmuz 1953\u2019te Moncada K\u0131\u015flas\u0131 Bask\u0131n\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Bask\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Fidel Castro ve hareketin kimi \u00f6nderleri tutsak edilirken onlarca ki\u015fi de katledildi. Mahkemeye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Castro, <\/strong><\/em>\u201cBeni mahk\u00fbm edin, \u00f6nemli de\u011fil. Tarih beni aklayacakt\u0131r\u201d diyen bir bildiriyi, mahkeme k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcnden \u201csavunmas\u0131\u201d olarak okudu: \u201cToprak yoksul k\u00f6yl\u00fclere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lacak, fabrikalarda k\u00e2r\u0131n y\u00fczde otuzu i\u015f\u00e7ilere verilecek, haks\u0131z kazan\u00e7 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc zenginliklere el konulacakt\u0131…\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Castro bir s\u00fcre sonra genel afla hapisten \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve Meksika\u2019ya gitti. Burada, K\u00fcba Devrimi\u2019nin \u00f6nderlerinden biri olacak Ernesto Che Guevara ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Meksika\u2019da yeniden toparlanan 26 Temmuz Hareketi, bir gerilla m\u00fccadelesi ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in 82 ki\u015fi olarak \u201cGranma\u201d adl\u0131 gemi ile K\u00fcba\u2019ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Granma Santiago\u2019da karaya vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Batista rejiminin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131. 82 ki\u015finin \u00e7o\u011fu katledilirken, Fidel, Raul Castro ve Che\u2019nin de aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu 21 ki\u015fi Sierra Da\u011flar\u0131na varmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Sierra\u2019da ba\u015fta yoksul k\u00f6yl\u00fcler olmak \u00fczere K\u00fcba halk\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir destek g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Batista rejimi daha da sald\u0131rganla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, yoksul K\u00fcba halk\u0131n\u0131 Amerikan emperyalizminin s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne daha da a\u00e7\u0131k hale getirmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde 26 Temmuz Hareketi ve Castro hen\u00fcz sosyalist de\u011fildi. Batista rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerle birlikte, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuvazinin de deste\u011fini alan bir halk hareketiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1 Ocak 1959\u2019da m\u00fccadele ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015ft\u0131. Batista rejiminin temsilcileri ka\u00e7mak zorunda kald\u0131lar. Castro zaferi \u201cMoncada\u2019ya sald\u0131r\u0131dan be\u015f y\u0131l, be\u015f ay ve be\u015f g\u00fcn sonra, K\u00fcba\u2019da Devrim muzaffer oldu\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle duyurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dclkeden ka\u00e7an Batista rejimi; arkas\u0131nda, b\u00fcrokratik, yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir devlet ayg\u0131t\u0131 ile Amerikan tekellerini b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u00fcba halk\u0131n\u0131 \u015fimdi daha da \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6rev bekliyordu. Bir yandan i\u00e7erideki d\u00fczen de\u011fi\u015fecek, bir yandan da ABD emperyalizminin sald\u0131r\u0131 ve provokasyonlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 direnecekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c5 y\u0131l \u00f6nce\u201d Fidel\u2019in mahkemede savunma olarak duyurdu\u011fu \u201cprogram\u0131\u201d s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir reform program\u0131yd\u0131. 26 Temmuz Hareketi halktan yana daha bir\u00e7ok yasa ve d\u00fczenleme yapt\u0131. \u00dclkede kiralar yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, vergi alan\u0131nda ciddi d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131ld\u0131. Yoksul k\u00f6yl\u00fclere i\u015fledi\u011fi topra\u011f\u0131 veren, b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahiplerinin topraklar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 bedeli kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kamula\u015ft\u0131ran bir programd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ancak bu s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 program dahi burjuvaziyi ve topraklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu tekeller arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla elinde tutan ABD emperyalizmini rahats\u0131z etmi\u015fti. S\u00f6z konusu \u201cToprak reformu yasas\u0131\u201dna \u015fiddetle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. Bu, K\u00fcba Devrimi\u2019nde \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131r\u0131lma yaratt\u0131. K\u00fcba burjuvazisi ve ABD emperyalizmi ile Fidel Castro\u2019nun program\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen k\u00f6yl\u00fc ve i\u015f\u00e7iler kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldiler. Kitlesel grevler, k\u00f6yl\u00fc mitingleri vb. ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Devrim bu noktadan sonra farkl\u0131 bir a\u015famaya ge\u00e7mi\u015fti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cTar\u0131m Reformu Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcndeme getirilmesi, K\u00fcba devriminin seyrinde ger\u00e7ek bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu. Devrimin kendi \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zla y\u0131kmas\u0131, gitgide radikalle\u015fmesi, derinle\u015fen toplumsal bir i\u00e7erik kazanmas\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerle daha derinden kayna\u015fmas\u0131 ve nihayet sosyalizme y\u00f6nelmesi, bu ad\u0131m\u0131n tetikledi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck toplumsal \u00e7alkant\u0131lar ve sert m\u00fccadeleler i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bizzat bu s\u00fcrecin kendisi, 26 Temmuz Hareketi\u2019nin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 o son derece s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ulusal demokratik program\u0131n bile, kurulu d\u00fczen s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a ve emperyalist sistemden kopu\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedik\u00e7e, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla devrim kesintisiz devrim rotas\u0131na ve muhtevas\u0131na kavu\u015fmad\u0131k\u00e7a, uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015f oldu.\u201d (Fidel Castro ve K\u00fcba Devrimi\u2026 \/ II, K\u0131z\u0131l Bayrak)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n Toprak reformu yasas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 ile ABD emperyalizmi ve K\u00fcba burjuvazisi, devrimi bo\u011fmak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7ti. \u0130lki, Batista rejiminin ka\u00e7aklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan 1961\u2019deki Domuzlar K\u00f6rfezi Harek\u00e2t\u0131 idi. \u00dc\u00e7 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar K\u00fcba halk\u0131n\u0131n direni\u015fi sayesinde p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcld\u00fc. Bundan sonraki y\u0131llarda da \u00e7e\u015fitli yol ve y\u00f6ntemlerle K\u00fcba\u2019ya d\u00f6n\u00fck sald\u0131r\u0131lar birbirini izledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Devrimin 64. y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 kutlayan K\u00fcba, bug\u00fcne kadar y\u00fcz y\u00fcze kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lara, \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc ku\u015fatmaya ve bunun yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlara ve zay\u0131fl\u0131klara ra\u011fmen h\u00e2l\u00e2 da direniyor!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 1 Ocak 1959\u2019da Latin Amerika\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":432,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"manset":[],"class_list":["post-430","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-etkinlikler"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/430","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=430"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/430\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/432"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=430"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=430"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=430"},{"taxonomy":"manset","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manset?post=430"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n