\u201cD\u00fcnyada<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yoksullu\u011funu \u00e7ekti\u011fimiz \u015fey;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
hay\u0131rseverlik de\u011fil, adalettir!\u201d[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cE\u011frili\u011fin en y\u00fcksek derecesi, do\u011fru olmay\u0131p do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektir,\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a> vurgusu e\u015fli\u011finde diyece\u011fimi bir an \u00f6nce, vakit kaybetmeden s\u00f6yleyeyim: Yoksulluk ve yoksullukla m\u00fccadele meselesini Wilhelm Reich\u2019\u0131n, \u201cSorun a\u00e7 olan ki\u015finin neden \u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, neden \u00e7almad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r!\u201d perspektifinden hareketle ele alanlardan\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Onu, bunu bilmem; ge\u00e7mi\u015ften bug\u00fcne \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funluk yoksulluk i\u00e7inde k\u0131vran\u0131rken, doymak bilmez bir avu\u00e7 insana memleketin b\u00fct\u00fcn zenginliklerini s\u00f6m\u00fcrten bir devlette mutluluk olamaz\u201dken;[3]<\/sup><\/a> Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca\u2019n\u0131n ifadesiyle, \u201cA\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden silindi\u011fi g\u00fcn, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck tinsel patlama olacakt\u0131r. \u0130nsanl\u0131k d\u00fcnyan\u0131n sahne olaca\u011f\u0131 ne\u015fe patlamas\u0131n\u0131 hayal dahi edemez.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o g\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131-s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc m\u00fclkiyet ili\u015fkileri la\u011fvedilecektir\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u00dcRESEL A\u00c7LIK<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Charlie Chaplin\u2019e, \u201cTek iste\u011fim, her \u00e7ocu\u011fun yeteri kadar yiyecek yeme\u011fi, aya\u011f\u0131nda ayakkab\u0131s\u0131 ve ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde bir \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r, dedirtirken; Grigory Petrov\u2019a da, \u201cMilyonlarca insan derin, ak\u0131llara durgunluk veren bir yoksulluk i\u00e7inde do\u011farak ya\u015famakta ve \u00f6lmekte. Bu b\u00f6yle mi olmal\u0131?\u201d sorusunu sorduran -mah\u015ferin d\u00f6rt atl\u0131s\u0131ndan biri!- a\u00e7l\u0131k yerk\u00fcrenin yabanc\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fil!<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2018Belirsiz Zamanlar-Huzursuz Ya\u015famlar\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u2018\u0130nsani Geli\u015fme Raporu 2021-2022\u2019na g\u00f6re, \u201c2022 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7ok zor ge\u00e7ti, 2023 daha zor bir y\u0131l olacak.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c15 Milyon insan yeterli g\u0131da t\u00fcketemeyip\u201d;[4]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cG\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131 y\u00fckseliyor?\u201dken;[5]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cD\u00fcnya g\u0131da felaketine ad\u0131m ad\u0131m yakla\u015f\u0131yor\u201d![6]<\/sup><\/a> Yani uzun s\u00fcrecek bir sars\u0131nt\u0131lar, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler d\u00f6nemi olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u015fte kimi somut veriler\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2018The Forbes\u2019a g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnyada 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda 2 bin 95 olan dolar milyarderi say\u0131s\u0131, 2021\u2019de artarak 2 bin 755\u2019e y\u00fckseldi. ABD\u2019de dolar milyarderlerinin toplam serveti y\u00fczde 44 artt\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 23 olan dolar milyarderi say\u0131s\u0131, 27\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. D\u00fcnyada dolar milyarderlerinin toplam serveti ise 13.1 trilyon dolara ula\u015ft\u0131. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ABD\u2019de 80 milyon ki\u015fi i\u015fini kaybetti, 8 milyon ki\u015fi yoksulluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na geriledi. D\u00fcnyadaki a\u00e7 insan say\u0131s\u0131 1 milyara yakla\u015ft\u0131. D\u00fcnyada a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kilolu insan say\u0131s\u0131 1.7 milyarken, obez say\u0131s\u0131 700 milyonu ge\u00e7mi\u015fken, her g\u00fcn 18 bin insan a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6l\u00fcyor. ABD\u2019de obezitenin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa g\u00fcnl\u00fck maliyeti 311 milyon dolar. Kilo vermek i\u00e7in harcanan g\u00fcnl\u00fck para ise 109 milyon dolar…[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne (WHO) g\u00f6re, Avrupa\u2019da her 6 ki\u015fiden 1\u2019i, yani yakla\u015f\u0131k 155 milyon insan ak\u0131l sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yorken;[8]<\/sup><\/a> yerk\u00fcrede her alanda e\u015fitsizlikler, azalacak yerde her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha da art\u0131yor. E\u015fitsizlikleri g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermenin en kestirme yollar\u0131ndan biri, m\u00fclkiyet da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na bakmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2018Credit Suisse Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u2018D\u00fcnya M\u00fclkiyet Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\u2019 raporuna[9]<\/sup><\/a> g\u00f6re 2021 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibar\u0131 ile toplam d\u00fcnya servetinin de\u011feri 463.6 trilyon ABD dolar\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6lgeler ve \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k bulunmaktad\u0131r. Kuzey Amerika, Kuzey-Bat\u0131 Avrupa ve Avustralya\u2019da eri\u015fkin ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 ortalama servet 100.000 ABD dolar\u0131ndan fazla iken bu rakam Afrika da 5.000 dolardan azd\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu di\u011fer \u00fclkede ise ancak 5.000-25.000 ABD dolar\u0131 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu servetin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndaki e\u015fitsizlikleri ortaya koymakta n\u00fcfusun en varl\u0131kl\u0131 y\u00fczde 10 ve y\u00fczde 1\u2019lik diliminin toplam servetin ne kadar\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6stergedir. D\u00fcnya gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 piramidine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, toplam n\u00fcfusun en zengin y\u00fczde 1.2\u2019sini olu\u015fturan 62.5 milyon ki\u015fi toplam servetin y\u00fczde 47.8\u2019ine sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de n\u00fcfusun en zengin y\u00fczde 1\u2019i toplam servetin y\u00fczde 40.7\u2019sine sahipken, en zengin y\u00fczde 10\u2019u ise servetin y\u00fczde 70.8\u2019ine sahiptir. Bu rakamlar Rusya\u2019da y\u00fczde 58.6 ve y\u00fczde 82.8, Hindistan\u2019da y\u00fczde 40.6 ve y\u00fczde 72.5, ABD\u2019de ise y\u00fczde 35.1 ve y\u00fczde 75.9\u2019dur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu bu \u00fclkeler en adaletsiz yerler aras\u0131nda iken en zengin y\u00fczde 1\u2019in gelir i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa ortalamas\u0131 y\u00fczde 30\u2019dur. Bel\u00e7ika y\u00fczde 13,3, Japonya y\u00fczde 18.7, Portekiz 19.5, Yeni Zelanda y\u00fczde 20,1 ile g\u00f6receli olarak daha iyi durumdad\u0131r. Ancak Avrupa \u00fclkeleri de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere n\u00fcfusun zengin y\u00fczde 10\u2019nun toplam servetin y\u00fczde 50\u2019sinden daha az pay ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 neredeyse hi\u00e7bir \u00fclke bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Yani servet da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndaki \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck e\u015fitsizli\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerin temel karakteristi\u011fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Di\u011fer bir \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 ger\u00e7ek ise n\u00fcfusun en zengin y\u00fczde 10\u2019unun servetten ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay\u0131n 1980\u2019de \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fclkede y\u00fczde 30 d\u00fczeyinde iken bu oran\u0131n 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczde 50\u2019den fazlaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yani var olan ekonomik sistem i\u00e7inde b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerde e\u015fitsizlik artmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bunlar b\u00f6yleyken; \u2018Secours Populaire\u2019in Fransa, Almanya, Yunanistan, \u0130talya, Polonya ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir anketin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczde 29\u2019unun masraflar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131smak i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Ebeveynlerin yar\u0131s\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 doyurmak i\u00e7in kendi yemeklerinden k\u0131s\u0131yor.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Almanya\u2019da \u2018Hans B\u00f6ckler Vakf\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 \u2018Ekonomik ve Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (WSI) ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re, orta gelirlilerin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan daha az gelire sahip, \u201c\u00e7ok yoksul\u201d olarak tabir edilenlerin oran\u0131n\u0131n, 2010-2019 d\u00f6neminde y\u00fczde 40 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131[11]<\/sup><\/a> ortaya koyarken; yine Almanya \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal \u0130\u015fler Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u00fclkede 263 bin evsiz bulunuyor. Raporda evsizlerin \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinin vatanda\u015f oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekildi.[12]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kimseyi rakamlara bo\u011fmak istemiyorum\u2026 Verili tablonun ne kadar berbat oldu\u011fu zaten \u00e7ok net!<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tam da bu noktada \u201cK\u00f6t\u00fcmserli\u011fin tek sebebi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z bi\u00e7imde demokrasi eksikli\u011fi,\u201d[13]<\/sup><\/a> sa\u00e7mal\u0131\u011f\u0131na prim vermeden Murray Bookchin\u2019in, \u201cNas\u0131l insanlar nefes al\u0131p vermeyi b\u0131rakmaya \u2018ikna\u2019 edilemezse, kapitalizm de b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaya \u2018ikna\u2019 edilemez,\u201d saptamas\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131msa(t)makta yarar var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rus as\u0131ll\u0131 ABD\u2019li iktisat\u00e7\u0131\/ istatistik\u00e7i Simon Kuznets\u2019nin, \u201cGayri safi milli has\u0131la bir \u00fclkenin refah\u0131n\u0131 belirtmez,\u201d notunu d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez kapitalizm b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e (\u015fi\u015ftik\u00e7e mi demeli yoksa?[14]<\/sup><\/a>) s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc -k\u00fcreselle\u015fme ile- derinle\u015fip yayg\u0131nla\u015farak fiziksel s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 zorluyorken; hayk\u0131r\u0131r Fidel Castro:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cAdalet, hakkaniyet, bar\u0131\u015f \u00fczerine temellenen yeni bir d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni kurmal\u0131y\u0131z.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n E\u015e\u0130TS\u0130ZL\u0130K D\u00dcNYASI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Victor Hugo\u2019nun, \u201c\u2026 \u2018A\u00e7 insanlar var! \u00dc\u015f\u00fcyen insanlar var! Yoksullar var! Yoksullar var!\u2019 diye f\u0131s\u0131ldayan \u015fu gereksiz e\u015fyalardan tek birine bile sahip olmak istemezdim\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Saint Just\u2019\u00fcn, \u201cNerede b\u00fcy\u00fck mal m\u00fclk sahipleri varsa, orada yoksulluktan ge\u00e7ilmez\u201d\u2026[15]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Thomas More\u2019un, \u201cHalk\u0131n yoksullu\u011fu kral\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korur.\u201d \u201cHalk\u0131n ac\u0131lar\u0131, iniltileri aras\u0131nda keyif s\u00fcrmek krall\u0131k de\u011fil zindan bek\u00e7ili\u011fi demektir.\u201d \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn zenginli\u011fin bir avu\u00e7 a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fc insan\u0131n elinde bulundu\u011fu ve \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun sefalet i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplumda kimse mutlu olamaz\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Umberto Eco\u2019nun, \u201cKent bug\u00fcn, zengin din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n yoksul ve a\u00e7 insanlara \u2018erdem\u2019 \u00fcst\u00fcne vaaz verdikleri bir rezillik yeridir,\u201d uyar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bir kez daha an\u0131msanmas\u0131 gereken bug\u00fcnlerde s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan zenginli\u011fin yoksulluk nedeni oldu\u011fu unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r!<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bankac\u0131l\u0131k D\u00fczenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK) 3 Haziran 2022 tarihli verilerine g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrk Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn Nisan 2022 d\u00f6nem net k\u00e2r\u0131 98.2 milyar TL\u2019ye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumdayken; bu 20.7 milyar d\u00fczeyinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen 2021 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 375\u2019lik m\u00fcthi\u015f bir art\u0131\u015fa denk geliyor![16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrkiye bankac\u0131l\u0131k sistemindeki 1 milyon TL ve \u00fczeri mevduat hesaplar\u0131n\u0131n 2021 y\u0131l\u0131 ekim sonunda 410 bin 786 olan say\u0131s\u0131, 2022\u2019nin ayn\u0131 d\u00f6neminde y\u00fczde 90.6 artarak 782 bin 877\u2019ye ula\u015ft\u0131.[17]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ve hesab\u0131nda 1 milyon TL\u2019den \u00e7ok paras\u0131 olanlar\u0131n mevduat\u0131 bir y\u0131lda y\u00fczde 97 artt\u0131. Yani May\u0131s 2022 sonu itibar\u0131yla 589 bin \u201cyerli milyoner\u201din mevduat b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 4 trilyon liray\u0131 a\u015farken toplamdan ald\u0131klar\u0131 pay da y\u00fczde 57.4\u2019ten 65.2\u2019ye y\u00fckseldi![18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Gelir adaletsizli\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fcrken; milyoner\u2019lerin mevduattaki pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 69\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bireylerin bankalara ve finansman \u015firketlerine olan borcu 1.3 trilyon liraya ula\u015f\u0131rken hem mevduat hem hisse piyasas\u0131nda aslan pay\u0131 bir avu\u00e7 zenginin elinde\u2026[19]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Sanayi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015fubat ay\u0131nda 617 \u015firkete 17.7 milyar lira te\u015fvik verirken; 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda 100 bin lira sermaye ile kurulan bir turizm \u015firketine 125 milyon lira te\u015fvik sa\u011fland\u0131![20]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Emeklinin bayram ikramiyesine \u201cPara yok\u201d diye zam yap\u0131lmazken; bankada paras\u0131 olan bir avu\u00e7 mevduat sahibine ise 16.3 milyar lira kur garantisi \u00f6demesi yap\u0131ld\u0131![21]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bunlar b\u00f6yleyken; ekonomide gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndaki e\u015fitsizlik de artarak s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bu e\u015fitsizli\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in genellikle yukar\u0131da da belirtti\u011fim gibi n\u00fcfusun en \u00e7ok kazanan y\u00fczde 10\u2019luk kesiminin elde etti\u011fi gelir ile en az kazanan y\u00fczde 50\u2019lik kesiminin elde etti\u011fi gelir aras\u0131ndaki makasa bak\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu makas a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a, gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bozuldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2018K\u00fcresel E\u015fitsizlik Laboratuar\u0131\/ World Inequality Lab\u2019\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u20182022 K\u00fcresel E\u015fitsizlik Raporu\u2019nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise n\u00fcfusun en \u00e7ok kazanan y\u00fczde 10\u2019unun y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama gelirinin, en az kazanan y\u00fczde 50\u2019lik kesiminin gelirinden 23 kat fazla oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir u\u00e7urum. En \u00fcstteki y\u00fczde 1 n\u00fcfus toplam gelirin y\u00fczde 18.8\u2019ini al\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 40\u2019\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131n asgari \u00fccret ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 da belirtiliyor. Rapora g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de n\u00fcfusun en alttaki y\u00fczde 50\u2019lik kesimi milli servetin sadece y\u00fczde 4\u2019\u00fcne sahipken n\u00fcfusun en \u00fcstteki y\u00fczde 10\u2019luk kesimi milli servetin y\u00fczde 67\u2019sine sahip bulunuyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00dc\u0130K verilerine g\u00f6re, 2020\u2019inin ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc \u00f6demelerinin cari fiyatlarla Gayrisafi Katma De\u011fer i\u00e7erisindeki pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 36.8, 2021\u2019in ikinci \u00e7eyre\u011finde y\u00fczde 32.6 iken bu oran 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 ayn\u0131 d\u00f6neminde y\u00fczde 25.4\u2019e d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. B\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ra\u011fmen, \u00fccretlilerin milli gelir b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay giderek azal\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in \u2018Gelir ve Ya\u015fam Ko\u015fullar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 (2021)\u2019, toplumun y\u00fczde 27.2\u2019sinin maddi yoksunluk i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu, toplumun y\u00fczde 13.8\u2019inin ise s\u00fcrekli yoksulluk i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.[22]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cNas\u0131l\u201d m\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2018Oxfam\u2019 ve \u2018DFI\u2019n\u0131n raporuna g\u00f6re ekonomik e\u015fitsizlikler s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye 161 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda 74\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc, OECD \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda sonuncu olurken;[23]<\/sup><\/a> 7.4 milyon \u00e7ocuk yoksul![24]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2018T\u00fcrk Aile Hekimleri Dergisi\u2019nde yay\u0131mlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, her d\u00f6rt \u00e7ocuktan birinin kilosu \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck. \u00c7ocuklarda g\u00f6zlenen bir di\u011fer tehlike ise potansiyel kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131. K\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 85\u2019inin, erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ise y\u00fczde 68\u2019inin kans\u0131zl\u0131kla m\u00fccadele etti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, Avrupa\u2019da bu oran\u0131n yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczde 18 oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor![25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00dcRD\u00dcR\u00dcLEMEZ YOKSULLUK<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Eski\u015fehir\u2019de alt\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131nda Nur Elif T.\u2019nin a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc[26]<\/sup><\/a> co\u011frafyam\u0131zda yoksulluk \u00fczerine edilecek her s\u00f6z,[27]<\/sup><\/a> -kan\u0131mca ve nihai kertede- abes ile i\u015ftigaldir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cYoksulluk iktidar\u0131 utand\u0131rm\u0131yor!\u201d[28]<\/sup><\/a> \u201c2008 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana emeklilik maa\u015f\u0131 ba\u011flama oran\u0131 s\u00fcrekli azal\u0131yor. Y\u00fczde 70\u2019ten 35\u2019lere kadar indi.\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cDevasa art\u0131\u015f de\u011fil emekli yoksullu\u011fu var!\u201d[30]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cYoksulluk sosyal medyada da kendisini g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bor\u00e7lardan bunalan yurtta\u015flar \u2018Bor\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131 dahi \u00f6deyemiyorum,\u2019 diyerek sosyal medyada b\u00f6breklerini satmak i\u00e7in ilan a\u00e7maya ba\u015flad\u0131,\u201d[31]<\/sup><\/a> vb\u2019i realiteler Prof. Dr. \u00d6zg\u00fcr Orhangazi\u2019ye, \u201cB\u00f6yle gitse bile \u00fclke ekonomisinin tarihinde g\u00f6rmedi\u011fimiz yoksulla\u015fma s\u00fcrecinden s\u00f6z edece\u011fiz,\u201d dedirtti\u011fi[32]<\/sup><\/a> tabloda; \u2018\u00d6\u011frenci Veli Derne\u011fi\u2019 (Veli-Der) Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00d6mer Y\u0131lmaz\u2019\u0131n, \u201cHer iki \u00e7ocuktan biri a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7ekiyor. Ekonomik kriz nedeniyle kitlesel okul terkleri ya\u015fan\u0131yor,\u201d[33]<\/sup><\/a> vurgusu e\u015fli\u011finde h\u0131zla aktar\u0131yorum!<\/p>\n\n\n\n Enflasyon ve i\u015fsizli\u011fin toplam\u0131ndan olu\u015fan \u2018Sefalet Endeksi\u2019nde T\u00fcrkiye en yak\u0131n takip\u00e7isi Arjantin\u2019e 3.4 puan fark atarak ilk s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye 93.3 puanla ilk s\u0131rada yer al\u0131rken Arjantin 89.9 puanla ikinci oldu. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada yer alan \u00fclke ise G\u00fcney Afrika var![34]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2018Devrimci \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sendikalar\u0131 Konfederasyonu Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi\u2019nin (D\u0130SKAR) 2 \u015eubat 2022\u2019de yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Gelir E\u015fitsizli\u011fi ve Yoksulluk Raporu\u2019na g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de her 5 ki\u015fiden biri yoksul!<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2018T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu\u2019nun (T\u00dc\u0130K) verilerine g\u00f6re yoksul say\u0131s\u0131 4 y\u0131lda y\u00fczde 11.5 artt\u0131. 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda 15 milyon 864 bin olan yoksul say\u0131s\u0131 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1 milyon 343 ki\u015fi daha artarak 17 milyon 207 bin ki\u015fiye, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise 17 milyon 691 bin ki\u015fiye ula\u015ft\u0131. Yoksulluk oran\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 21.9\u2019a y\u00fckseldi.!<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kad\u0131nlar, erkeklere g\u00f6re daha yoksul. Erkeklerde yoksul say\u0131s\u0131 8.6 milyon ve yoksulluk oran\u0131 y\u00fcze 21.3 iken kad\u0131nlarda yoksul say\u0131s\u0131 9.2 milyon ve yoksulluk oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 22.5\u2019dir. Kad\u0131nlar bir y\u0131lda erkeklere g\u00f6re daha \u00e7ok yoksulla\u015ft\u0131. 2019-2020 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda kad\u0131nlar y\u00fczde 4.4, erkekler 3.8 daha da yoksulla\u015ft\u0131. Yoksullukta da kad\u0131n ve erkek aras\u0131nda e\u015fitsizlik var![35]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2018Derin Yoksulluk A\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n raporuna g\u00f6re, bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde para ve di\u011fer kaynaklar\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi nedeni ile yeterli g\u0131da bulamayaca\u011f\u0131 kayg\u0131s\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bireylerin s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczde 23.4, karn\u0131 a\u00e7 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen yemek yiyemeyenlerin s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 8.4 olarak kaydedildi![36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda 74 milyar 488 milyon TL olan sosyal yard\u0131m harcamalar\u0131, y\u0131llar itibar\u0131yla keskin bir art\u0131\u015f kaydetti. Buna g\u00f6re, sosyal yard\u0131m harcamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in harcanan para 2021 ve 2022 kesitinde s\u0131ras\u0131yla 103 milyar 228 milyon TL ve 148 milyar 962 milyon TL oldu. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda sosyal yard\u0131mlar i\u00e7in 258 milyar 437 milyon TL harcama \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. \u2018Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2021 Y\u0131l\u0131 Faaliyet Raporu, \u00fclkedeki yoksulla\u015fmay\u0131 ve giderek derinle\u015fen ekonomik bunal\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sererken; 2021\u2019de krizin alt\u0131nda ezilen 5 milyon 903 bin 515 hanenin sosyal yard\u0131mlardan yararland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2 milyon 476 bin 457 hanenin ise d\u00fczenli sosyal yard\u0131m ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtildi![37]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrkiye OECD \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklarda yoksullu\u011fun en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu ikinci \u00fclke. 2019 verilerine g\u00f6re her 100 \u00e7ocuktan 22\u2019si yoksulluk i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fcyor. Bu ortalama OECD\u2019de ise y\u00fczde 12.4\u2026 \u00dclke n\u00fcfusunun hepsini yans\u0131tan toplamda ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yoksulluk oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 15. OECD ortalamas\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 11.4![38]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 7 milyon ki\u015finin sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinden yararlanabilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6demesi gereken genel sa\u011fl\u0131k sigortas\u0131 (GSS) primini geliri asgari \u00fccretin \u00fc\u00e7te birinden az oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in devlet \u00f6d\u00fcyor![39]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Paras\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deyemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in k\u0131\u015f\u0131n ortas\u0131nda do\u011falgaz\u0131 kesilen abonelerin oran\u0131 bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde y\u00fczde 0.45\u2019ten y\u00fczde 0.61\u2019e f\u0131rlad\u0131.[40]<\/sup><\/a> Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakan\u0131 Fatih D\u00f6nmez, 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda borcu nedeniyle elektri\u011fi kesilen abone say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 356 bin 488 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131p;[41]<\/sup><\/a> 2022 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk 7 ayl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde 26 ilde borcunu zaman\u0131nda \u00f6deyemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in 34 bin 790 abonenin elektri\u011finin kesildi\u011fini bildirirken;[42]<\/sup><\/a> 1 Ocak 2022 tarihinde y\u00fczde 127\u2019yi bulan fahi\u015f elektrik zamm\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u015eubat 2022 d\u00f6neminde 859 bin 532\u2019si konut abonesi olmak \u00fczere toplam 1 milyon 39 bin 646 abone faturas\u0131n\u0131 belirlenen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00f6deyemedi![43]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Aral\u0131k 2022 i\u00e7in a\u00e7l\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 8 bin 131 TL, yoksulluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 26 bin 484 TL olarak a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. B\u00f6ylece 1 Ocak 2023\u2019de uygulanmaya ba\u015flayan 8 bin 507 TL\u2019lik yeni asgari \u00fccret \u015fimdiden erimeye ba\u015flad\u0131![44]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in belirlenen asgari \u00fccretin g\u00fcnl\u00fck g\u0131da harcamas\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen miktar\u0131 27 lira oldu. D\u0130SK-B\u0130SAM\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesaplamaya g\u00f6re e\u015fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayan, iki \u00e7ocuklu bir asgari \u00fccretlinin her bir \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn i\u00e7in ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na ay\u0131rabildi\u011fi tutar 6.8 lira![45]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130yi de bu h\u00e2l neyi mi an\u0131msat\u0131yor?<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c1886 bunal\u0131m\u0131 sonras\u0131 \u0130ngiliz kapitalistleri Bel\u00e7ika\u2019y\u0131 \u2018\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve sermaye \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn cenneti\u2019 diye \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterir. \u0130ngiliz egemenlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u015ftahla referans g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi Bel\u00e7ika, sermaye i\u00e7in cennet olsa da emek\u00e7iler i\u00e7in adeta bir cehennemdir. Karl Marx Kapital\u2019in birinci cildinde Bel\u00e7ikal\u0131 emek\u00e7ilerin \u2018kapitalist cennet\u2019teki dram\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nemin Bel\u00e7ika Merkez \u0130statistik Komisyonu \u00dcyesi M. Ducperiaux\u2019un 1855 tarihli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rneklerle aktar\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ayn\u0131 zamanda hay\u0131r kurumlar\u0131 denetmeni de olan Ducperiaux, Kapital\u2019de geni\u015f bir al\u0131nt\u0131 yap\u0131lan ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en eserde askerler, denizciler ve tutuklularla bir aileyi kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. 6 ki\u015filik ailenin 4\u2019\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r durumda olsa da harcamalar\u0131 neredeyse yok. Baba ve o\u011fulun en b\u00fcy\u00fck l\u00fcks\u00fc t\u00fct\u00fcn kullanmak ve haftada bir \u2018cabaret\u2019ye gitmek. Emek\u00e7i ailelerin \u00e7o\u011fu ortalama deniz ya da kara eri kadar de\u011fil, bir mahk\u00fbm kadar bile beslenememektedir. 1847-49 d\u00f6neminde \u00e7e\u015fitli hapishanelerdeki bir mahk\u00fbmun genel ortalama masraf\u0131 bir emek\u00e7inin g\u00fcnl\u00fck masraf\u0131 hemen hemen ayn\u0131, hatta daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Peki, bu durumda emek\u00e7iler mahk\u00fbmlardan da az bir giderle nas\u0131l ya\u015fayabiliyorlar? Yan\u0131t\u0131 yine Kapital\u2019den verelim: \u2018Bunu, s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131z emek\u00e7ilerin bildikleri baz\u0131 \u00e7arelere ba\u015fvurarak beceriyorlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin g\u00fcnl\u00fck yiyecek miktar\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131yorlar, bu\u011fday yerine \u00e7avdar ekme\u011fi yiyorlar. Daha az et yiyorlar ya da hi\u00e7 yemiyorlar. Tereya\u011f\u0131 ve baharat da \u00f6yle. B\u00fct\u00fcn ailenin \u00fcst \u00fcste oturdu\u011fu bir-iki odayla yetiniyorlar ve o\u011flanlarla k\u0131zlar yan yana ve \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ayn\u0131 has\u0131r\u0131n \u00fczerinde yat\u0131yorlar. Giyim, y\u0131kanma ve \u00f6teki temizlik gerek\u00e7elerinden k\u0131s\u0131yorlar, pazar e\u011flencelerinden vazge\u00e7iyorlar. Yani k\u0131sacas\u0131 kendilerini en \u0131st\u0131rapl\u0131 yoksunlu\u011fa mahk\u00fbm ediyorlar.\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n Peki sonras\u0131nda ne oluyor? \u2018Bu son s\u0131n\u0131ra dayand\u0131ktan sonra, yiyecek fiyatlar\u0131nda ufak bir y\u00fckselme, i\u015fin durmas\u0131, hastal\u0131k gibi nedenler, emek\u00e7inin \u00e7ekti\u011fi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131yor ve b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn mahvolmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Bor\u00e7lar birikiyor, veresiye kesiliyor, en gerekli giyecekler ve e\u015fyalar rehin veriliyor. Ve en sonunda aile kendisini yoksullar listesine kaydettiriyor. Ger\u00e7ekten de bu \u2018kapitalist cennet\u2019te gerekli t\u00fcketim maddelerinin fiyat\u0131ndaki en ufak bir de\u011fi\u015fmeyi \u00f6l\u00fcm ve su\u00e7 say\u0131lar\u0131nda bir de\u011fi\u015fme izliyor.\u2019[46]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Tabii, emek\u00e7iler bu durumdayken bir avu\u00e7 kapitalist ise zenginli\u011fine zenginlik kat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sanayi i\u015f\u00e7ileri gibi tar\u0131m emek\u00e7ilerinin h\u00e2li de berbatt\u0131r. 1863 y\u0131l\u0131nda s\u00fcrg\u00fcne ve a\u011f\u0131r hapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f su\u00e7lular\u0131n beslenme ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 konusunda yap\u0131lan resmi ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re; \u2018\u0130ngiltere\u2019de cezaevlerindeki mahk\u00fbmlar\u0131n beslenme durumu ile ayn\u0131 \u00fclkedeki serbest emek\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma, mahk\u00fbmlar\u0131n di\u011fer iki s\u0131n\u0131ftan daha iyi beslendi\u011fi sonucunu ortaya koyar.\u2019[47]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130ngiltere adas\u0131n\u0131n hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki \u0130rlanda\u2019daki 1846 k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce bir milyon ki\u015fi \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ama bu \u00f6lenler tabi ki sadece yoksullard\u0131r. \u00dclkenin zenginli\u011fine en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir zarar\u0131 dokunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 izleyen 20 y\u0131ll\u0131k g\u00f6\u00e7 sonunda \u0130rlandal\u0131lar topluca \u2018yeni k\u0131ta\u2019ya, Amerika\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 ederler.[48]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Aradan 150 y\u0131ldan fazla bir zaman ge\u00e7se de de\u011fi\u015fen bir \u015fey yok. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir k\u00f6\u015fesinde de tablo benzer. Bir avu\u00e7 kapitalist emek\u00e7ilerin al\u0131n teri \u00fczerinden servetine servet katarken, emek\u00e7iler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa da ge\u00e7inemiyor, ayakta kalmak i\u00e7in giyiminden, ku\u015fam\u0131ndan, yeme\u011finden k\u0131smak zorunda kal\u0131yor.\u201d[49]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cYoksulluk\u201d deyince soru(n) tam da burada yani \u00fccretli k\u00f6lelik sistemidir!<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hani Karl Marx\u2019\u0131n, \u201cSefalet, faal sanayi ordusunun hastanesi ve yedek sanayi ordusunun safras\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u0130nsan geli\u015fmesinin alan\u0131 zamand\u0131r. Hi\u00e7bir bo\u015f zaman\u0131 olmayan, b\u00fct\u00fcn hayat\u0131 kapitalist hesab\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yutulan bir insan, bir y\u00fck hayvan\u0131ndan daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. O, ba\u015fkalar\u0131 hesab\u0131na zenginlik \u00fcreten, fizik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ezilmi\u015f ve entelekt\u00fcel bak\u0131mdan al\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f basit bir makinedir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cHangi bi\u00e7imi alm\u0131\u015f olursa olsun, toplumun bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn bir di\u011feri taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n hepsinin ortak \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. Birbirimiz i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 de\u011ferlerimiz, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 nesnelerimizin de\u011ferlerine e\u015ftir. Bu y\u00fczden kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bir ili\u015fkide insan\u0131n kendisi de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131maz\u201d\u2026[51]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n V. \u0130. Lenin\u2019in, \u201c\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin eme\u011finin \u00fcretti\u011fi sermaye i\u015f\u00e7iyi ezer, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck m\u00fclk sahiplerini yok eder ve bir i\u015fsizler ordusu yarat\u0131r.\u201d[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cParan\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcne dayal\u0131 bir toplumda, emek\u00e7i y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n yoksulluk i\u00e7inde, bir avu\u00e7 zenginin ise asalak gibi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplumda ger\u00e7ek ve etkin bir \u2018\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u2019 olamaz\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pyotr Kropotkin\u2019in, \u201c\u00dcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel ellerde bulunmas\u0131 hem adaletsizdir, hem de yarars\u0131z\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Thomas Sankara\u2019n\u0131n, \u201cBirka\u00e7 ki\u015fi i\u00e7in \u015fampanya ya da herkes i\u00e7in i\u00e7me suyu aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im yapmal\u0131s\u0131n. Biz yeni bir d\u00fcnya kurmak istiyoruz. Cehennemle Araf aras\u0131nda tercih yapmay\u0131 reddediyoruz\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Fidel Castro\u2019nun, \u201c\u00dclkemiz insanlara maddesel zenginlikler sunmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok yoksul olsa da; onlara e\u015fitlik duygusu ve insanl\u0131k onuru sunamayacak kadar yoksul de\u011fildir\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Georges Politzer\u2019in, \u201cYoksulla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n eme\u011finin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca kendilerine m\u00fclk edinen kapitalistler, y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131 m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. Sosyalizm, m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirenlerin m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilmesidir,\u201d[53]<\/sup><\/a> notunu d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckleri kapitalist ekonomi-politiktir!<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ve de s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez bu h\u00e2le ili\u015fkin olarak Friedrich Engels, \u201cNe mutlu o yoksullara ki di\u011fer d\u00fcnya onlara verilmi\u015ftir. Er ya da ge\u00e7 bu d\u00fcnya da onlara verilecektir,\u201d derken; George Bernard Shaw da:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cYenilgiye de\u011fil sava\u015fa; k\u00f6le olmaya de\u011fil, k\u00f6leli\u011fe, kom\u015funuz kadar varl\u0131kl\u0131 olmamaya de\u011fil, yoksullu\u011fa ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131n!\u201d diye yol g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n YOKSULLUKLA M\u00dcCADELE!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6ncelikle unutulmamal\u0131: Yoksulluk, egemenlerin ezilenlere y\u00f6netti\u011fi bir \u015fiddettir; Eduardo Galeano\u2019nun, \u201cDemokratik \u00fclkelerde ekonominin \u015fiddet \u00f6zelli\u011fi fark edilmez, otoriter \u00fclkelerde fark edilmeyen \u015fiddetin ekonomik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr,\u201d[54]<\/sup><\/a> veya Hz. Ali\u2019ye atfedilen, \u201cBir yoksul a\u00e7 ise, bunun nedeni, zenginin zevk ve sefa i\u00e7inde ya\u015famas\u0131d\u0131r. Nerede bir bolluk g\u00f6rsem, onun yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda mutlaka \u00e7i\u011fnenmi\u015f bir hak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmd\u00fcr,\u201d ifadesindeki gibi\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu kadar da de\u011fil; yoksulluk derinle\u015fip\/ yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a toplum \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcr;[55]<\/sup><\/a> t\u0131pk\u0131 Honor\u00e9 de Balzac\u2019\u0131n, \u201cYoksullu\u011fun h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerde ne utanma kal\u0131r, ne su\u00e7, ne namus, ne de vicdan,\u201d saptamas\u0131na Platon\u2019un ekledi\u011fi \u00fczere:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cZenginlik ve yoksulluk dedim; birisi \u015fatafat ve tembelli\u011fin, di\u011feri cimrilik ve ahl\u00e2ks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kisi birlikte memnuniyetsizli\u011fe v\u00fccut verirler.\u201d[56]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bunlar\u0131 a\u015fmak i\u00e7in ise Lev Tolstoy\u2019un, \u201cK\u00f6t\u00fcyle de\u011fil, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckle m\u00fccadele edilmelidir,\u201d vurgusundaki \u00fczere kapitalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc sisteminde yoksullu\u011fu a\u015fmak i\u00e7in bizatihi \u201cyoksulluk\u201d denen \u015feyle de\u011fil, zenginlikle, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcyle, kapitalizmle m\u00fccadele edilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kesinlikle g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmesin: \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz, adaletin yerine gelmedi\u011fi durumlarda bize m\u00fccadele etme ve adaletin yerine gelmesi i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7me imk\u00e2n\u0131 verir\u201dken;[57]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cGer\u00e7ek y\u00fcce g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck, sahte yard\u0131mseverli\u011fi besleyen nedenleri yok etme m\u00fccadelesinin ta kendisindedir\u2026 Bireyler de halklar da insanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden kazanmak i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele ederek do\u011fru y\u00fcce g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yeniden olu\u015fturmaya giri\u015feceklerdir,\u201d[58]<\/sup><\/a> der Paulo Freire\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yoksullu\u011fun nedeni \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet\u00e7i ve ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n eme\u011finin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcne el koyan zenginliktir![59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bir insan ne kadar yetenekli, becerikli, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan olursa olsun, sadece kendi \u00e7abas\u0131yla zengin olamaz\u2026 D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en zengin adam\u0131, Amazon\u2019un patronu Amerikal\u0131 Jeff Bezos 182 milyar dolar servete sahip. \u0130nsan havsalas\u0131n\u0131 zorlayan bu skandal servet onun \u00fcst\u00fcn yeteneklerinin ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n eseri mi? Bu servetin asgari \u00fccretin ka\u00e7 kat\u0131 oldu\u011funu bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn\u2026 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Y\u0131ld\u0131z Holding\u2019in patronu Murat \u00dclker\u2019in 4.7 milyar dolar serveti var. Bu servete nas\u0131l sahip oldu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kapitalizm dahilinde zengin olman\u0131n iki yolu vard\u0131r: Birincisi, bir \u015fey \u00fcretir, \u00fcretilen de\u011ferin en b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne el korsun (buna art\u0131-de\u011fer s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc denir); ya da \u00e7alars\u0131n, mafyatik y\u00f6ntemlerle yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f zenginli\u011fe el korsun\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cYoksullukla m\u00fccadele\u201d s\u00f6ylemi ger\u00e7ek sorunu g\u00f6zden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Zenginlikle m\u00fccadele akla gelmiyor zira zengin ve zenginlik bir tabu mertebesine y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zenginlik olmadan yoksulluk olmaz veya yoksulluk olmadan zenginlik olmaz. Efendi ve k\u00f6le, zalim-mazlum, g\u00fczel-\u00e7irkin, iyi- k\u00f6t\u00fc, s\u0131cak- so\u011fuk\u2026 gibi\u2026 Zenginlik-yoksulluk s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda da ili\u015fkinin y\u00f6n\u00fc zenginden yoksula do\u011frudur\u2026 Zenginlik oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yoksulluk vard\u0131r. E\u011fer \u00f6yleyse, yoksullu\u011fu ger\u00e7ekten sorun edenin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc nerede arayaca\u011f\u0131 bellidir\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n O h\u00e2lde neden zenginlik var?<\/p>\n\n\n\n E\u011fer yoksulluk zenginlikten kaynaklan\u0131yorsa, zenginlik nereden kaynaklan\u0131yordur? Zenginlik de \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetten kaynaklan\u0131yor. E\u011fer \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet diye bir \u015fey olmasayd\u0131, zenginlik de, yoksulluk da olmazd\u0131. E\u011fer insanlar \u00fcretmek ve ya\u015famak i\u00e7in gerekli olana \u2018ortak\u00e7a\u2019 sahip olsalard\u0131, \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet diye bir musibet toplum ya\u015fam\u0131na musallat olmasayd\u0131, zenginlik de, yoksulluk da olmazd\u0131\u2026 Demek ki, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015fimdilerde i\u00e7ine s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi\u011fi sefil durumun gerisinde, \u00fcretmek ve ya\u015famak i\u00e7in gerekli ara\u00e7lara, ya\u015fam\u0131 var eden ve s\u00fcreklili\u011fini sa\u011flayan kaynaklara k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir az\u0131nl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan el konulmas\u0131 keyfiyeti yat\u0131yor.[60]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Yoksulluk sonucuna de\u011fil, sebeplerine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelede co\u011frafyam\u0131zda takdire \u015fayan bir \u00f6rnek Dr. Hikmet K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131ml\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1967 kurdu\u011fu \u2018\u0130\u015fsizlik ve Pahal\u0131l\u0131kla Sava\u015f Derne\u011fi\u2019 (\u0130PSD) iken; asl\u00ee kald\u0131rac\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fck + s\u0131n\u0131fsal \u00f6zg\u00fcven oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmeliyim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00f6zl\u00fcklerde \u201cKendine g\u00fcven\u201d diye tan\u0131mlanan \u00f6zg\u00fcven, kapitalizme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelede \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00f6rg\u00fct yapanken; daima ve her ko\u015fulda Ernest Hemingway\u2019in, \u201cU\u011fruna sava\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z her \u015feyi nas\u0131l seviyorsam, \u00f6yle seviyorum seni de. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, insan onurunu sevdi\u011fim gibi seviyorum seni, t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131n\u0131, a\u00e7 kalmama hakk\u0131n\u0131 sevdi\u011fim gibi seviyorum seni\u201d;[61]<\/sup><\/a> Audrey Hepburn\u2019\u00fcn, \u201cHayatta hi\u00e7bir \u015fey ac\u0131 \u00e7eken bir insana duyaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z empatiden \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir. Soylu bir hayat ya\u015fayacaksak, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n ac\u0131lar\u0131na kay\u0131ts\u0131z kalamay\u0131z!\u201d; Sigmund Freud\u2019\u00fcn, \u201cBir g\u00fcn d\u00f6n\u00fcp ge\u00e7mi\u015fe bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, m\u00fccadelelerle ge\u00e7en y\u0131llar\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n en g\u00fczel y\u0131llar\u0131 oldu\u011funu fark edeceksiniz,\u201d s\u00f6zleri kulaklara k\u00fcpe edilmelidir!<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201cG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde iki olgu, k\u00f6kleri XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l Almanyas\u0131\u2019na uzanan \u2018kulturkampf\u2019 (k\u00fclt\u00fcr sava\u015flar\u0131) ve dijitalle\u015fme, yapay zek\u00e2, sosyal medya \u2018kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan\u2019 kaynaklanan \u2018fake news\u2019 (uydurma haber), \u2018s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak fa\u015fizm\u2019 i\u00e7inde birle\u015fiyor\u201dken;[62]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cyoksulluk\u201d da genelle\u015ftiren s\u00f6ylemle \u201cs\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lma\u201dya kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu ba\u011flamda \u201cG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde insana en \u00e7ok ac\u0131 veren, yoksulluk de\u011fil, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7ark\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir di\u015flisi, bir robot h\u00e2line gelmi\u015f olmak ve ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015f ve anlams\u0131z olmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d[63]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Oysa XXI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda da yoksulluk \u015fahs\u0131nda kapitalizmi hedefleyen s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadeleleri tarihin bi\u00e7imlendirilmesinde belirleyici olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yerk\u00fcrede berbat bir yoksulluk ile sa\u00e7ma bir bolluk birlikte ya\u015fan\u0131yorken; e\u015fitlik fikri ve prati\u011finin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 \u201colmazsa olmaz\u201dd\u0131r. Malum e\u015fitlik m\u00fccadelesi do\u011fru ele al\u0131n\u0131rsa kitleselle\u015fme ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmede yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ancak e\u015fitlik ve s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi vizyonunun yerine y\u00fcz\u00fc sa\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fck \u201cittifak aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131\u201dna y\u00f6nelinmesi devrimci ufkun da kayb\u0131n\u0131 devreye sokuyor. Kan\u0131mca en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehlike de bu: \u201cGenel Demokrasi\u201d(!?) s\u00f6ylemi i\u00e7inde erimek!<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u0130R KA\u00c7 \u015eEY DAHA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Hay\u0131r; \u201cGenel Demokrasi\u201d(!?) s\u00f6ylemi i\u00e7inde erimeden; \u201cYoksulluktan kim korkarsa yoksul odur; ben yoksul de\u011filim,\u201d diyen Nikos Kazancakis\u2019in alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi\u011fi duru\u015fu\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Maksim Gorki\u2019nin, \u201cKapitalistleri seviniz; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sizin kuvvetinizi yiyip yutuyorlar, kapitalistleri seviniz; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fcnyan\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn hazinelerini bo\u015fu bo\u015funa mahvediyorlar, demirinizi sizi \u00f6ld\u00fcren silahlar yapmak i\u00e7in harcayanlar\u0131 seviniz, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bile bile a\u00e7l\u0131ktan geberten hergele tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 seviniz, kendi rahat ve huzurlar\u0131 u\u011fruna sizi topyek\u00fbn \u00f6ld\u00fcrenleri seviniz, kapitalisti seviniz; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kapitalistin kilisesi sizi kara cahilli\u011fin karanl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7inde tutmaktad\u0131r,\u201d[64]<\/sup><\/a> ironik uyar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ve Maximilien Robespierre\u2019in, \u201cSadece iki parti vard\u0131r; ahl\u00e2ks\u0131zlar\u0131n partisi ve erdemlilerin partisi. \u0130nsanlar\u0131 servetine ve stat\u00fclerine g\u00f6re de\u011fil, karakterlerine g\u00f6re ay\u0131rt edin. Sadece iki s\u0131n\u0131f insan vard\u0131r: \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve e\u015fitlikten yana olanlar, bask\u0131 g\u00f6renleri savunanlar, yoksullardan yana olanlar ile d\u00fczenbazlardan, zenginlerden, adaletsizlerden ve aristokrasiden yana olanlar. Bug\u00fcn Fransa\u2019daki b\u00f6l\u00fcnme budur,\u201d kesinli\u011fini bir an dahi \u201ces\u201d ge\u00e7meyece\u011fiz!<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cBiz ciddiye almazlar\u201d m\u0131 dediniz?!<\/p>\n\n\n\n O h\u00e2lde bir de \u201cBo\u015flu\u011fun sessizli\u011finde y\u00fcksek sesle konu\u015fmak y\u00fcreklili\u011fini g\u00f6sterirseniz birileri sizi mutlaka duyar,\u201d[65]<\/sup><\/a> diyen Louis Althusser\u2019e kulak verin!<\/p>\n\n\n\n Korkular umutlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bast\u0131rmamal\u0131d\u0131r; buna asla izin verilmemelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Benjamin Kilborne, \u2018Utan\u00e7 ve Haset\u2019 adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda 1798 do\u011fumlu Thomas Hood\u2019un bir \u015fiirinden al\u0131nt\u0131 yapar: \u201cUmutlar\u0131m\u0131z korkular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 gizledi;\/ Korkular\u0131m\u0131z, umutlar\u0131m\u0131z gizlendi\/ \u00d6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fck uyudu\u011funda\/ Ve uyudu\u011funu, \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde…\u201d[66]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Hood\u2019a g\u00f6re korkular\u0131m\u0131z her zaman var, umut o korkulardan do\u011far ve do\u011fdu\u011funda o korkular uykuya dalarken; yoksullukla m\u00fccadelede burjuva se\u00e7enekler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda pasif, tarafs\u0131z veya hay\u0131rhah bir tutum rejimin ihyas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu labirente dalmadan, tuzaklar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmeden toplumu, toplum ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131ska\u00e7 alt\u0131na alan resmi ideolojik hegemonyaya ve toplumsal muhalefet \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131, uyan\u0131k ve uyar\u0131c\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in cesur, \u00fctopyalara s\u0131rt d\u00f6nmeyen m\u00fccadelecilik gereklidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez kapitalizm III. B\u00fcy\u00fck Bunal\u0131m\u0131 ile sars\u0131l\u0131rken; Karl Marx ile Friedrich Engels\u2019in \u2018Kom\u00fcnist Manifesto\u2019da i\u015faret ettikleri \u00fczere, \u201cBurjuvazi her \u015feyden \u00f6nce kendi mezar kaz\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yarat\u0131yor. Kendi \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc de proletaryan\u0131n zaferi de e\u015fit derecede ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r.\u201d[67]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n O h\u00e2lde \u015fimdi Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (ILO) \u201cK\u00fcresel \u00dccret Raporu\u201dnun da g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi mevcut yoksulluk, e\u015fitsizlik ve sosyal huzursuzluk g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e derinle\u015fip;[68]<\/sup><\/a> s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez kapitalizmin \u00e7eli\u015fkilerini derinle\u015ftirip\/ yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken, yoksulla\u015f(t\u0131r)maya kar\u015f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckselterek dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctmektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u201cD\u00fcnyada yoksullu\u011funu \u00e7ekti\u011fimiz \u015fey; hay\u0131rseverlik de\u011fil, adalettir!\u201d[1]...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":482,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"manset":[],"class_list":["post-483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sectiklerimiz"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/483","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=483"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/483\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=483"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=483"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=483"},{"taxonomy":"manset","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manset?post=483"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Buna benzer \u015fekilde Londra\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fusunda \u015fahane sanayi merkezinin mahallelerinde de a\u00e7l\u0131k, yokluk, \u00f6l\u00fcm kol geziyordur. Sa\u00e7 gemi yap\u0131m merkezi olan Londra\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fusu ayn\u0131 zamanda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretli ev sanayinin de merkezidir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n o g\u00fcne kadar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu muazzam servet birikiminin hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda on binlerce \u00e7aresiz insan \u00f6l\u00fcmle y\u00fcz y\u00fczedir. Yar\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131ktan, sefaletlerini g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne hayk\u0131r\u0131yorlar. Bu insanlar a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6l\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n