{"id":5923,"date":"2025-02-03T22:16:40","date_gmt":"2025-02-03T19:16:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/?p=5923"},"modified":"2025-02-03T22:16:41","modified_gmt":"2025-02-03T19:16:41","slug":"ortadogunun-suriyesi-ile-rojavasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/2025\/02\/03\/ortadogunun-suriyesi-ile-rojavasi\/","title":{"rendered":"ORTADO\u011eU\u2019NUN SUR\u0130YE\u2019S\u0130 \u0130LE ROJAVA\u2019SI[*]"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u201cHer karanl\u0131k<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kendisini sonland\u0131racak \u015fafa\u011f\u0131n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131r.\u201d[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a> \u201cYeni d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni bu; do\u011fruluk, adalet ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00f6nemsenmiyor, tek mukaddes de\u011fer \u2018g\u00fc\u00e7\u2019. Suriye\u2019yi kaderine terk eden d\u00fcnya, \u015fimdi Suriye ekseninde yeniden \u015fekillenecek. Daha fazla \u0131st\u0131rap, daha fazla karma\u015fa g\u00f6rece\u011fiz,\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a> saptamas\u0131 2019\u2019da Muhammad Idrees Ahmad taraf\u0131ndan ifade edilmi\u015fti ve \u00e7ok \u00f6nemliydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lakin ondan da \u00e7ok \u00f6nceleri Henry Kissinger\u2019\u0131n, \u201cBunlar\u0131 kendimize yak\u0131\u015fan bir \u0130sl\u00e2m yapaca\u011f\u0131z,\u201d ifadesi Suriye\u2019deki HT\u015e (Heyet Tahrir e\u015f-\u015eam\/ \u015eam Kurtulu\u015f Heyeti) hik\u00e2yesini net bi\u00e7imde anlat\u0131yordu!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Siyasal \u0130sl\u00e2mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sahte, as\u0131ls\u0131z anti-emperyalist karakteri, Suriye sava\u015f\u0131yla g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serileli \u00e7ok oldu. Bat\u0131 destekli rejim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi giri\u015fimi, \u201c\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 siyasal \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019dan \u00fcrese \u00fcrese radikallik \u00fcrer\u201d tezini ispatlamaya yarad\u0131. K\u00f6rfez\u2019in Vahhab\u00ee\/Selef\u00ee monar\u015fileriyle Suriye\u2019ye \u201cdemokrasi ta\u015f\u0131ma\u201d tezine \u201ckanabilenler\u201d i\u00e7in as\u0131l sorun, k\u00fcresel PR (halkla ili\u015fkiler) cephesiydi. Bu cephe de ana g\u00f6vdesi \u0130hvanc\u0131lardan olu\u015fan PR\u2019c\u0131lar\u0131n ellerinde patlad\u0131. Sahadaki hakik\u00e2tlere uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan aksi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi zaten\u2026[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f patlak verince Suriye\u2019ye gidip d\u00f6nen yanda\u015f bir gazeteci; \u201cLibya\u2019da ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da diktat\u00f6rleri deviren m\u00fccahitler, \u015fimdi de Suriye\u2019de \u00e7arp\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar!\u201d demi\u015fti ve bu ki\u015filerin \u201cCihat\u201d i\u00e7in Suriye\u2019de olduklar\u0131n\u0131 eklemi\u015fti!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve de Suriye\u2019de emperyalizm i\u00e7in cihat yolunda -\u201c\u015fimdilik\u201d- ileri ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131. Yani \u201ckazanan\u201d emperyalizm, ganimet ise Suriye\u2019ydi\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. AYRIM: SORU(N)LAR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

HT\u015e \u00f6nderli\u011findeki cihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n Suriye\u2019yi ele ge\u00e7irmesiyle Ortado\u011fu\u2019da yeni bir d\u00f6nemin kap\u0131lar\u0131 araland\u0131. Her \u015fey emperyalist (ve Siyonist) B\u00fcy\u00fck Ortado\u011fu Projesi (BOP) kapsam\u0131nda ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ilerlese de; yol h\u00e2l\u00e2 engebeli ve dolamba\u00e7l\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u00c7ok akt\u00f6rl\u00fc, \u00e7ok par\u00e7al\u0131 Suriye b\u00fcy\u00fck kap\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda: ABD, Rusya, \u0130ran, T\u00fcrkiye, HT\u015e, \u00d6SO, Hizbullah, SDG gibi akt\u00f6rlerin boy g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi co\u011frafyan\u0131n gelece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131\u2026 Suriye\u2019nin \u00e7ok boyutlu yeni bir sava\u015f\u0131n i\u00e7ine s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmesi ihtimali Ortado\u011fu\u2019yu etkileyecek bir dinamiktir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Suriye sadece Suriye de\u011fil; elbette daha fazlas\u0131d\u0131r.[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ba\u011flamda Suriye\u2019nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel pek \u00e7ok etkisi olacak; \u00f6rne\u011fin \u015eam\u2019\u0131n denklemden \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla birlikte Siyonist sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fc daha a\u00e7\u0131lacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n etki alan\u0131 daral\u0131rken, \u015ei\u00ee Hilali\u2019nin kopmas\u0131 ile Filistin yaln\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, direni\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fctleri desteksiz kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Bunlara ek olarak Suriye\u2019nin Balkanizasyonu veya Suriye\u2019nin Afganistanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte \u0130ran\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 askeri cepheye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ihtimali devreye girecektir.[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yani hesap i\u00e7inde hesab\u0131n Suriye\u2019si Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun \u201cyeni\u201d pimi \u00e7ekilmi\u015f bombas\u0131, istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k oda\u011f\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Evet, BOP\u2019ta yeni a\u015famaya ge\u00e7ilirken Ortado\u011fu i\u00e7in yeni bir k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131; \u00e7ok akt\u00f6rl\u00fc, \u00e7ok boyutlu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma sahas\u0131d\u0131r Suriye.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kolay m\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD, Rusya, \u0130ran, T. \u201cC\u201d, \u0130srail, HT\u015e, SMO, Hizbullah, SDG, YPG, \u015eii milisler, Arap a\u015firetler gibi onlarca k\u00fcresel, b\u00f6lgesel, yerel akt\u00f6r\u00fcn boy g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bu co\u011frafyada hesaplar, \u00e7\u0131karlar, oyunlar i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7erken; \u201cyeni durum\u201d, b\u00f6lge halklar\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden emperyalist projenin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6z konusu sald\u0131rganl\u0131k 2010\u2019larda devreye sokulan ABD mam\u00fblat\u0131 BOP\u2019un, yani Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun ABD emperyalizmi ve \u0130srail \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda siyasal \u0130sl\u00e2mc\u0131 ta\u015feronlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yeniden dizayn edilme projesinin devam\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hat\u0131rlay\u0131n: Suriye\u2019ye sald\u0131r\u0131 ABD\u2019nin Ortado\u011fu\u2019da BOP\u2019un yeni versiyonunu hayata ge\u00e7irmeye haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde \u00f6rg\u00fctlendi; Trump\u2019\u0131n y\u00f6netime gelmeye haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde ya\u015fanan sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n bir ucunda da T. \u201cC\u201d bulunuyordu; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin korumas\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki \u0130dlib\u2019de konumland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f HT\u015e\u2019nin \u015fimdi b\u00f6yle bir taarruza ba\u015flama cesaret ve karar\u0131n\u0131n, \u0130srail eliyle yarat\u0131lan istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k ortam\u0131nda Suriye\u2019deki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini hedefiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu ortadayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Suriye art\u0131k, Washington ve Tel Aviv\u2019de oldu\u011fu kadar Ankara\u2019da da co\u015fkuyla kar\u015f\u0131lanan cihat\u00e7\u0131 \u201cdemokrasi\u201dyle y\u00fcz y\u00fczedir; Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye i\u015flevini BOP i\u00e7inde, bu b\u00f6lgede etkin bir \u015fekilde yerine getirecektir. Her g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede, att\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z her ad\u0131mda bunun uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yoruz,\u201d[6]<\/sup><\/a> ifadesindeki \u00fczere\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SUR\u0130YE\u2019DE KIRILMA ANLARI<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
2011<\/td>Daara\u2019da Arap Bahar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir uzant\u0131s\u0131 olarak ba\u015flayan protestolar, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede i\u00e7 sava\u015fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. HT\u015e ve bir\u00e7ok cihat\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct bu s\u0131rada kuruldu.<\/td><\/tr>
2014<\/td>\u0130sl\u00e2m devleti kurmak isteyen I\u015e\u0130D, \u00fclkenin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flad\u0131. ABD, belkemi\u011fini YPG\u2019nin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu K\u00fcrt g\u00fc\u00e7lerin I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesine destek gerek\u00e7esiyle 2015\u2019te sava\u015fa resmen dahil oldu.<\/td><\/tr>
2015<\/td>\u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana \u015eam y\u00f6netimine yard\u0131m eden Rusya, aktif olarak dahil olarak sava\u015f\u0131n seyrini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. \u0130ran ve Hizbullah\u2019tan pek \u00e7ok \u015eii milis de \u015eam y\u00f6netimine deste\u011fi art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/td><\/tr>
2017<\/td>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin destekledi\u011fi Be\u015far Esad kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 gruplar, Suriye Milli Ordusu (SMO) \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda topland\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye 2019\u2019da, ABD askerlerinin \u00e7ekildi\u011fi kuzeydeki K\u00fcrt b\u00f6lgelerine askeri operasyonlar ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/td><\/tr>
2019<\/td>T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130ran ve Rusya, Astana S\u00fcreci kapsam\u0131nda 2017\u2019de \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zl\u0131k b\u00f6lgeleri olu\u015fturma karar\u0131 ald\u0131. HT\u015e bunu f\u0131rsat bilerek 2019\u2019da kontrol\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irdi<\/td><\/tr>
2024<\/td>\u0130dlib\u2019i elinde bulunduran HT\u015e ve di\u011fer cihat\u00e7\u0131 \u00e7eteler, \u0130srail ile Hizbullah aras\u0131nda ate\u015fkesin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn \u015eam kontrol\u00fcndeki Halep\u2019e geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Nihayetinde, Be\u015far Esad, devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imlerini oylar\u0131n y\u00fczde 95\u2019ini alarak kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan[7]<\/sup><\/a> s\u00f6z edilen Suriye\u2019de rejim y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 ve yerini katmerli bir soru(n)lar yuma\u011f\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYeni bir d\u00f6nem\u201ddi bu ve \u00e7ok \u015feye gebeydi. \u015e\u00f6yle ki: 1945-1946\u2019da Fransa\u2019dan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanan, 1961\u2019de Birle\u015fik Arap Cumhuriyeti\u2019nden ayr\u0131lan, 1963\u2019te Baas taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmeye ba\u015flanan ve 37 g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir s\u00fcre hari\u00e7 1971\u2019den beri de baba ve o\u011ful Esad\u2019lar\u0131n y\u00f6netti\u011fi Suriye\u2019de rejim, 12 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, hemen herkesin \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir h\u0131zla 11 g\u00fcnde \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nas\u0131l oldu da bir zamanlar\u0131n \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u201d lideri-devleti-ordusu hi\u00e7bir direni\u015f g\u00f6steremeden 11 g\u00fcnde d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc? Ku\u015fkusuz bu 11 g\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6ncesindeki 12 y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u00e7 sava\u015f, d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerin m\u00fcdahalesi, o g\u00fc\u00e7lerdeki konjonkt\u00fcrel de\u011fi\u015fim de \u00f6nemli; ancak hi\u00e7biri ya da hepsi birden bir rejimin 11 g\u00fcnde \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne \u201c\u015fa\u015f\u0131rmaya\u201d engel de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Filipinler\u2019i 1965\u2019ten 86\u2019ya kadar y\u00f6neten ve y\u0131k\u0131lmaz san\u0131lan Marcos 4 g\u00fcnde devrilmi\u015fti. Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da, \u201cAraplar\u0131n ablas\u0131\u201d M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 1981\u2019den 2011\u2019e kadar y\u00f6neten M\u00fcbarek 18 g\u00fcnde, Tunus\u2019u 1987\u2019den 2011\u2019e kadar y\u00f6neten Zeynel Abidin 28 g\u00fcnde\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Libya\u2019y\u0131 1969\u2019dan 2011\u2019e kadar 42 y\u0131l y\u00f6neten Kaddafi\u2019nin devrilmesi de, Saddam\u2019\u0131n da 2003 Mart\u2019\u0131ndaki ABD i\u015fgali ard\u0131ndan devrilmesi de \u00e7ok s\u00fcrmedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eimdi milyonlar m\u00fclteci, milyonlar evsiz\u2026 \u00d6len on binlerce masum ve geride y\u0131k\u0131k bir co\u011frafyada, rejim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin nas\u0131l bir Suriye yarataca\u011f\u0131 meselesi, sadece Suriye\u2019nin de\u011fil, t\u00fcm Ortado\u011fu\u2019nundur!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I.1) SAVA\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yerk\u00fcre sars\u0131l\u0131yor!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131 ve Filistin jenosidi emperyalist sava\u015f\u0131n \u00f6n cepheleri olarak dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Ortado\u011fu, Kafkasya co\u011frafyas\u0131, Orta Asya ve Asya Pasifik b\u00fcy\u00fck kap\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131 olarak, giderek \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131 asl\u0131nda tektonik hareketin ilk sars\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Filistin jenosidi ise modern zamanlarda, modern konsantrasyon kamplar\u0131 ve yeni bir \u00f6l\u00fcm end\u00fcstrisi olarak s\u0131radanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Filistin, yeni zamanlarda art\u0131k n\u00fcfusa uygulanacak muamelenin tipik bir \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Filistin jenosidi insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm de\u011ferlerin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve uygarl\u0131k diye tan\u0131mlanan ve y\u00fcceltilen \u015feylerin biti\u015fi olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Ve Filistin prati\u011fi, her \u015feyin herkesin g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde olabilirli\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kapitalist sistem yap\u0131sal bir krizle, yani a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 birikim sorunuyla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yayken, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez kapitalizmin \u201cIII. B\u00fcy\u00fck Buhran\u0131\u201d derinle\u015fiyor; bir \u201cUygarl\u0131k Krizi\u201d olarak kendini d\u0131\u015fa vuruyor\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Tam da burada \u00d6ncelikle Howard Zinn\u2019in, \u201cSava\u015f ter\u00f6rizmin y\u00fczlerce kat b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f h\u00e2lidir\u201d; Lev Nikolayevi\u00e7 Tolstoy\u2019un, \u201cSava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ven insanlar\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n tam i\u00e7ine, en \u00f6n cepheye; sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n, \u015fiddetin tam ortas\u0131na g\u00f6nderin,\u201d[8]<\/sup><\/a> vurgular\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde \u201csava\u015f\u201d meselesine dikkat \u00e7ekmekte yarar var. Kriz ve sava\u015f bir diyalektik olu\u015ftururlar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sava\u015f kapitalist krizi a\u015fman\u0131n en \u00f6nemli enstr\u00fcman\u0131 olmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda; kapitalizmin geli\u015fim s\u00fcreciyle ilintili dinamiktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emperyalist sald\u0131rganl\u0131k krizler ve sava\u015flar \u00fcretmeye devam ederken \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha geni\u015f alanlara yay\u0131l\u0131yor; Verisk Maplecroft\u2019un \u2018\u00c7at\u0131\u015fma Yo\u011funlu\u011fu Endeksi\u2019 raporuna g\u00f6re k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131, 2021\u2019den bu yana y\u00fczde 65 oran\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131lda d\u00fcnya genelinde \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan etkilenen alan y\u00fczde 2.8\u2019den y\u00fczde 4.6\u2019ya y\u00fckseldi ve devletleraras\u0131 veya i\u00e7 sava\u015flardan etkilenen b\u00f6lge, 6.15 milyon kilometrekare ile Hindistan\u2019\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn neredeyse 2 kat\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131. Rapora g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda \u00f6lenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fczde 29 artt\u0131.[9]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a>\u00d6zellikle k\u00fcresel ekonominin militarizasyonunun ivme kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 momentte Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin 2024\u2019de yakla\u015f\u0131k 13 milyar euro de\u011ferinde silah ve askeri malzeme – Berlin y\u00f6netiminin 2023\u2019te silah ve askeri malzeme sat\u0131\u015f rekoru 12.13 milyar euroydu- ihracat\u0131na izni verip 2024\u2019te silah ve askeri malzeme sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 rekoru k\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131;[10]<\/sup><\/a> \u0130srail\u2019in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n, Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n askeri ve ekonomik deste\u011fi ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabildi\u011fi unutulmadan bu \u00fclkenin silah ve askeri te\u00e7hizat ithalat\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 69\u2019unu ABD\u2019nin kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131; soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan en fazla k\u00e2r eden sekt\u00f6rlerden birinin de ABD silah end\u00fcstrisi oldu\u011fu; 7 Ekim\u2019den beri ABD merkezli Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, RTX, Northrop Grumman gibi \u015firketlerin hisselerinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak patlama ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131[11]<\/sup><\/a> ger\u00e7e\u011finin alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmelidir!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ba\u011flamda militarizasyon s\u00fcrecinin kapitalizmin krizi a\u015fma y\u00f6ntemi ile sermaye birikim s\u00fcreci oldu\u011fu da g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u00d6zetin \u00f6zeti, kapitalizmin temel d\u00fcrt\u00fclerden biri sava\u015ft\u0131r. Kapitalist devletin militarizasyonu yeni sava\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131n\u0131 besler. Bu durumda, Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki[12]<\/sup><\/a> sava\u015f\u0131 ifade ettiklerimizle ele almak elzemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I.2) \u201cYDD\u201d ORTADO\u011eU\u2019SU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun damarlar\u0131na barut f\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f durumda; hangi k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m\u0131n f\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ate\u015fleyip topyek\u00fbn sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na Richard Silverstein, \u201cTrump Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya daha k\u00f6t\u00fc g\u00fcnler getirecek,\u201d[13]<\/sup><\/a> \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcyle kat\u0131lmakta, ve de kesinlikle hakl\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co\u011frafyam\u0131za \u2018Ortado\u011fu\u2019 ad\u0131n\u0131 veren s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci emperyalist \u0130ngilizler ve Bat\u0131 Avrupal\u0131lar i\u00e7in bu topraklar talan\u0131n, y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn boy hedefidir h\u00e2l\u00e2\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durumda soru(n) \u015fudur: Kime g\u00f6re Ortado\u011fu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeciler d\u00fcnyan\u0131n haritas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131lar ve her yere kendilerince bir ad koydular\u2026 Asl\u0131nda oraya Ortado\u011fu de\u011fil ama \u201cd\u00fcnyan\u0131n merkezi\u201d demek uygun olur\u2026 Pergelin aya\u011f\u0131na \u015eam\u2019a oturtup \u00e7evirirsen Londra\u2019ya Moskova\u2019ya Johanesbourg\u2019a Hindistan\u2019a az-\u00e7ok e\u015fit mesafede oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr\u2026 Deniz ve kara yollar\u0131n\u0131n da kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Napolyon Bonapart bo\u015funa \u201cSuriye d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kalbidir\u201d dememi\u015fti\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yay\u0131lmac\u0131-emperyal emelleri olanlar\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc dikmemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir\u2026 Bu d\u00fcn de b\u00f6yleydi bug\u00fcn daha da b\u00f6yledir\u2026 \u015eimdilerde kapitalizmin damarlar\u0131nda dola\u015fan kan olan petrol\u00fcn do\u011fal gaz\u0131n \u00f6nemlice bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc orada ve oradan Bat\u0131\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yor\u2026 Tabii Bat\u0131 kapitalizmi i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez baz\u0131 madenler de orada\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu co\u011frafyada 10 Haziran 1916 sabah\u0131nda \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin\u2019in Mekke\u2019deki evinden Taif\u2019e do\u011fru yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sembolik t\u00fcfek at\u0131\u015f\u0131, tarihe \u201cArap \u0130syan\u0131\u201d olarak ge\u00e7ecek ayaklanman\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130syan s\u0131ras\u0131nda Araplar, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir ulus devlet olma hayalini kuruyorlard\u0131; fakat kendilerini \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z mandas\u0131 alt\u0131nda buldular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcstelik Siyonist hareketin hedefleri, Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n dizayn etti\u011fi \u015fekille Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da yerini ald\u0131. \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin\u2019in hayalini kurdu\u011fu birle\u015fik bir Arap d\u00fcnyas\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 masa ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7izilen Irak, Suriye, \u00dcrd\u00fcn ve L\u00fcbnan gibi devletlere b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc. Literat\u00fcrde s\u0131k\u00e7a at\u0131fta bulunulan \u201cModern Orta Do\u011fu\u201d b\u00f6yle yarat\u0131ld\u0131. Bug\u00fcn \u201cYeni Orta Do\u011fu\u201d olarak addedilen s\u00f6ylem ise \u0130srail ekseninde tasarlanan ve i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki Filistin\u2019e yer verilmeyen bir harita ve evresini temsil ediyorken, Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fen g\u00fcndemi i\u00e7erisinde hi\u00e7 bir karar tek bir nedenle a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. Ve kan g\u00f6l\u00fcne \u00e7evrilen Ortado\u011fu\u2019da ya\u015fananlar\u0131, nedenlerini \u0131skalayarak sadece akt\u00fcel geli\u015fmeler \u00fczerinden okumak, b\u00fcy\u00fck resmi g\u00f6rmeyi engeller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015f bu nedenle de Ortado\u011fu, k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131 ve emperyalist akt\u00f6rlerle i\u015fbirli\u011finde dikkatli olman\u0131n ne kadar da elzem oldu\u011funun tarihidir ayn\u0131 zamanda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evet, b\u00f6lgenin siyasi tarihi herhangi bir \u00fclke, etnisite veya toplulu\u011fun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcce yaslanmas\u0131n\u0131n trajik \u00f6rnekleriyle dolu. Irak, Suriye, L\u00fcbnan, \u00f6rnekleri bunun somut g\u00f6stergeleri. B\u00f6lgedeki b\u00fct\u00fcn halklar\u0131n; T\u00fcrklerin, K\u00fcrtlerin, Araplar\u0131n ya\u015fananlardan \u00e7\u0131karacak \u00e7ok\u00e7a dersi vard\u0131r, olmal\u0131d\u0131r da!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Esad rejiminin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle birlikte \u0130srail, Suriye\u2019de stratejik alanlar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu geli\u015fmeleri Gazze\u2019nin yerle\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131lma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, Bat\u0131 \u015eeria\u2019dan yakla\u015f\u0131k 23 bin d\u00f6n\u00fcm arazinin devlet topra\u011f\u0131 (yerle\u015fim yap\u0131lacak alan) olarak belirlenmesi, L\u00fcbnan topraklar\u0131na girerek askeri yerle\u015fimler kurmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile birle\u015ftiren kimi Ortado\u011fulu Arap analistlerde \u0130srail\u2019in sadece g\u00fcvenlik kayg\u0131s\u0131yla de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir \u201cimparatorluk kurma amac\u0131yla\u201d hareket etti\u011fi kanaatini do\u011furdu; \u201c\u0130srail bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00f6nce \u0130ran\u2019\u0131, sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi mi hedef alacak\u201d sorusunu g\u00fcndeme getirdi. \u0130lk anda fantastik gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de mevcut dinamikler \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan bir analiz bunun, tamamen ger\u00e7ekd\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir soru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esad rejiminin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, \u0130srail\u2019e kuzey s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 yeniden \u015fekillendirme f\u0131rsat\u0131 sundu. \u00d6zellikle Suriye rejiminin askeri altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 neredeyse tamamen imha eden \u0130srail, Golan Tepeleri, Hermon Da\u011f\u0131 gibi y\u00fcksek konumlar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irerek \u015eam\u2019a 25 km yak\u0131n bir alana konu\u015fland\u0131. Suriye\u2019nin y\u00f6netim bo\u015flu\u011fu, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n \u201cDireni\u015f Ekseni\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131; \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6lgede g\u00fc\u00e7 yans\u0131tmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gazze\u2019de Hamas\u2019\u0131n, L\u00fcbnan\u2019da Hizbullah\u2019\u0131n etkisizle\u015ftirilmesi ve nihayet Suriye rejiminin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin inisyatifi ile \u00e7\u00f6kmesi, Neo-Con \u201cClean Break\u201d (1998) raporunda tasarlanan, \u0130srail\u2019i tehdit etme kapasitesine sahip rejimlerin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren projeye uygundu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye rejiminin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131, s\u0131ran\u0131n \u0130ran\u2019a gelece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Birincisi \u0130ran molla rejimi ekonomik kriz ve s\u0131k s\u0131k y\u00fckselen toplumsal muhalefet dalgalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda giderek zay\u0131flamas\u0131 bir rejim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi senaryosunu g\u00fcndeme getiriyor. ABD bas\u0131n\u0131 daha \u015fimdiden, bu muhalefet hareketinin desteklenmesi gerekti\u011fini anlatmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130kinci, senaryo, \u0130srail\u2019in, Trump y\u00f6netiminin deste\u011fini alarak, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n n\u00fckleer tesislerine y\u00f6nelik bir sald\u0131r\u0131yla rejimin stratejik altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 imha etmesi olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ili\u015fkili. Bu senaryo, \u0130ran\u2019da rejimin \u0130srail-ABD sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na cevap vermekte ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z kalarak a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n da etkisi alt\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6kmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir rejim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7eriyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Suriye\u2019de Esad rejimi, I\u015e\u0130D\u2019den t\u00fcreme bir yap\u0131lanman\u0131n elinde, siyasal \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n y\u00f6netti\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye rejiminin inisyatifiyle y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Bu yap\u0131lanma, \u015fimdi, iktidara gelerek bir toplum ve rejim in\u015fa etmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. B\u00f6ylece son tahlilde \u0130srail\u2019i hedef almas\u0131, en az\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir radikal \u0130sl\u00e2m rejimi \u0130srail\u2019e kom\u015fu oluyor. Bu rejimle, AKP T\u00fcrkiye\u2019sinin yak\u0131n ve organik ba\u011flar\u0131 var. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Ortado\u011fu politikalar\u0131 da T\u00fcrkiye ile \u0130srail\u2019i ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak, stratejik anlamda s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f durumuna sokuyorken;[14]<\/sup><\/a> gericik odaklar\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131\u015fma ihtimallerini de g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyor!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I.3) B\u0130RAZ TAR\u0130H<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 m\u00fcttefiki Almanlarla birlikte kaybeden Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Suriye\u2019deki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 25-26 Ekim 1918 gecesi askeri birliklerin \u00e7ekilmesiyle sona erdi. Son \u00e7ekilen 7. Ordu\u2019nun ba\u015f\u0131nda Mustafa Kemal bulunuyordu. Suriye\u2019yi \u015eubat 1920\u2019de kabul edilen \u2018Misak-\u0131 Milli\u2019 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rakan anla\u015fma ise, 9 Mart 1921 tarihinde Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin temsilcisi Bekir Sami (Kunduh) ile Fransa Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Aristide Briand aras\u0131nda, Londra\u2019da imzaland\u0131. Bu yeni stat\u00fc, 1923 Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile de teyit edildikten sonra Suriye Frans\u0131z mandas\u0131 alt\u0131nda ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etnik unsurlar\u0131n da belirlendi\u011fi 1925 say\u0131mlar\u0131na g\u00f6re Suriye\u2019deki toplam n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 56.7\u2019si M\u00fcsl\u00fcman (S\u00fcnn\u00ee) idi. S\u00fcnn\u00ee n\u00fcfusun da y\u00fczde 38\u2019i Arap, geriye kalan 18.5\u2019i T\u00fcrk, K\u00fcrt ve \u00c7erkezlerden olu\u015fuyordu, T\u00fcrkmenlerin oran\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 1.9 idi. Bu n\u00fcfus 1930\u2019lar\u0131n sonuna kadar g\u00f6rece sakin bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1936-1939\u2019da sanca\u011f\u0131n Hatay ad\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kat\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde Suriye T\u00fcrkmenlerine y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131lar artt\u0131. O tarihe kadar, az\u0131nl\u0131klara pozitif haklar tan\u0131yan 1926 tarihli Suriye Anayasas\u0131 sayesinde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e gazete yay\u0131mlanabilirken, bu tarihten sonra bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131. Hatta T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmak bile fiilen yasakland\u0131. Frans\u0131z mandas\u0131 d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrkiye ile s\u0131n\u0131r ticareti engellendi\u011fi i\u00e7in ticari hayat \u00e7ok durgundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1966\u2019da iktidara gelen Baas generali Salah Cedid\u2019in sosyalizm-milliyet\u00e7ilik kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kat\u0131 sek\u00fcler politikalar\u0131 S\u00fcnn\u00ee \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu rahats\u0131z etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1970\u2019te Suriye\u2019de iktidara gelen Haf\u0131z Esad liderli\u011findeki Baas rejiminin uygulamaya koydu\u011fu toprak reformu Baas\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n S\u00fcnn\u00ee toprak oligar\u015fisinin ve b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u00fcccar cemaatinin kalbi olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Halep\u2019teki kamula\u015ft\u0131rmalardan \u00e7o\u011fu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck toprak sahibi olan T\u00fcrkmenler de pay\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k di\u011fer az\u0131nl\u0131klar gibi, e\u011fitimli T\u00fcrkmenlere devlet kap\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda Suriye\u2019yi vuran ekonomik ve siyasi kriz, t\u00fcm halk\u0131 etkiledi. S\u0131n\u0131fsal farklar keskinle\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Haf\u0131z Esad\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hem Suriye i\u00e7in bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu. T\u00fcrkiye ile Suriye\u2019nin 1947-1990 aras\u0131ndaki So\u011fuk Sava\u015f D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde farkl\u0131 kutuplarda olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in pek so\u011fuk olan ili\u015fkilerini AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u00f6nce iyile\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ard\u0131ndan \u015eam\u2019daki Emeviye Camii\u2019nde namaz k\u0131lma hayalleri kurdu…[15]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>On \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k Suriye i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131nda kan g\u00f6vdeyi g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc, insanlar a\u00e7l\u0131k k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131![16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emperyalist ve b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fc\u00e7ler \u201ctemsilcileri\u201d \u00fczerinden Suriye\u2019de kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi. El Kaide uzant\u0131l\u0131 gruplar, Suriye\u2019de \u015feriat devleti kurmak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7ti. \u015eeriat devleti kurmak i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fik \u00fclkelerden binlerce ki\u015fi Suriye\u2019ye ak\u0131n etti. Mart 2011\u2019de, Dara kentinde duvarlara Esat kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 sloganlar yazan gen\u00e7ler tutukland\u0131, i\u015fkencelere maruz kald\u0131. Gen\u00e7lerin tutuklanmas\u0131, i\u015fkence g\u00f6rmesi, 17 Mart 2011\u2019de, Dara kentinde protesto g\u00f6sterisinin artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Protesto g\u00f6sterisine Esad\u2019\u0131n kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7leri sald\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6l\u00fcmler meydana geldi. Tutuklamalar yap\u0131ld\u0131. Tutuklananlar i\u015fkencelere maruz kald\u0131. Dara\u2019daki bu olaylar, Suriye\u2019de i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131 tetikledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eyl\u00fcl 2015\u2019e kadar Suriye\u2019deki sava\u015f emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7lerin temsilcileri aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmekteydi. Bu durum, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n 30 Eyl\u00fcl 2015\u2019te do\u011frudan sava\u015fa m\u00fcdahale etmesi ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara do\u011frudan kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011frad\u0131 ve Esad-Baas rejiminin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellenmi\u015f oldu. B\u00f6ylece emperyalist ve yerel gerici g\u00fc\u00e7lere Suriye\u2019de Esad\u2019l\u0131 bir ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecini kabul ettirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. ABD emperyalizmi \u0130sl\u00e2m Devleti\u2019nin (I\u015e\u0130D) Koban\u00ea\u2019ye sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde K\u00fcrtlere destek verme ad\u0131na ve K\u00fcrtlerle i\u015fbirli\u011fine y\u00f6nelerek b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

23 Ocak 2017\u2019de Astana s\u00fcreci ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. Astana g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde, Rusya-\u0130ran-T\u00fcrkiye \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc, kendi aralar\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkilere ra\u011fmen, Suriye\u2019deki sava\u015f\u0131n Esad rejimi lehinde geli\u015fmesini ve sava\u015f\u0131n \u0130dlib\u2019e odaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir mutabakata varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130dlib\u2019de T. \u201cC\u201d\u2019nin destekledi\u011fi ve \u00fczerlerinde etkili oldu\u011fu silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin -mutabakatta hedef olarak g\u00f6sterilen El Nusra vb. g\u00fc\u00e7ler ate\u015fkesi reddetseler de- esasta bu d\u00f6nemde Esad rejimiyle do\u011frudan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 azald\u0131. Rusya ve Esad-Baas rejimi de \u0130dlib\u2019e do\u011frudan sald\u0131r\u0131dan ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131. \u0130dlib\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye 12, Rusya 10 ve \u0130ran ise 6 \u201cg\u00f6zetleme noktas\u0131\u201d olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye\u2019de, t\u00fcm \u0130sl\u00e2mc\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctler \u0130dlib\u2019e veya T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kontrol etti\u011fi alanlara yerle\u015fmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7 Ekim 2023\u2019te, Siyonist \u0130srail, Hamas\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ter\u00f6rist eylemi bahane ederek Gazze\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik bir sava\u015f ba\u015flatt\u0131. \u0130srail devleti, Gazze\u2019de ta\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcnde ta\u015f b\u0131rakmad\u0131. 1 Ekim 2024\u2019te de L\u00fcbnan\u2019a y\u00f6nelik kara harek\u00e2t\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. Siyonist \u0130srail iki ay i\u00e7inde karada 1-3 kilometre derinli\u011finin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7emedi. Oysa s\u0131n\u0131rdan 30 km \u00f6tedeki Litani nehrine kadar olan b\u00f6lgeyi i\u015fgal etmeyi planlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130srail ile Hizbullah aras\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u0131l sonra ABD ve Fransa\u2019n\u0131n arabuluculu\u011funda L\u00fcbnan\u2019da bir ate\u015fkes anla\u015fmas\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131. Ate\u015fkes, 27 Kas\u0131m\u2019da y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130srail\u2019in L\u00fcbnan\u2019da sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, Suriye\u2019deki \u0130sl\u00e2mc\u0131 \u00e7etelerin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fclerinden olan, 2019\u2019dan beri \u0130dlib b\u00f6lgesini kontrol eden HT\u015e, Halep\u2019e sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye ordusu da kuzey hatlar\u0131na sevkiyatlar yap\u0131yordu. \u0130srail\u2019in Suriye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 Suriye sahas\u0131n\u0131 belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde fel\u00e7 etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esad\u2019\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine 2015\u2019te Suriye sava\u015f\u0131na d\u00e2hil olan Rusya ise Ukrayna\u2019da y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sava\u015f nedeniyle Suriye\u2019ye yeterince g\u00fc\u00e7 ay\u0131ramad\u0131 ya da ay\u0131rmak istemedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130srail\u2019in Suriye-L\u00fcbnan hatlar\u0131n\u0131 bombalamas\u0131, Suriye ordusunun bitkin d\u00fc\u015fen g\u00fc\u00e7lerini do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya, g\u00fcneyden kuzeye yayd\u0131. \u0130ran ve Hizbullah da eskiden oldu\u011fu gibi Suriye sahas\u0131nda Esat ordu g\u00fc\u00e7lerine tam kapasite destek verme durumunda de\u011fildi. Suriye\u2019deki bu durum HT\u015e ve di\u011fer \u0130sl\u00e2mc\u0131 gruplar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli bir durumdu. HT\u015e ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci T\u00fcrk devletinin besleyip silahland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, e\u011fitti\u011fi Suriye Milli Ordusu\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 gruplar, 27 Kas\u0131m\u2019da Halep\u2019e y\u00f6nelik bir sald\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131lar. 27 Kas\u0131m\u2019da ba\u015flat\u0131lan operasyona HT\u015e d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka \u0130sl\u00e2mi \u00f6rg\u00fctler de kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6rg\u00fct, medya \u00fczerinden \u201cHalep\u2019in i\u015fgali sonucu y\u00fcz binlerce insan\u0131n evlerine geri d\u00f6nece\u011fi\u201d, \u201cdevrimin yeniden y\u00fckseldi\u011fi\u201d vb. y\u00f6n\u00fcnde propaganda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Heyet Tahrir el \u015eam ve cihat\u00e7\u0131 m\u00fcttefikleri, Hama, Humus, Dera ve S\u00fcveyra\u2019y\u0131 da i\u015fgal etti. Ard\u0131ndan da ba\u015fkent \u015eam\u2019\u0131.[17]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. AYRIM: EMPERYAL\u0130ST M\u00dcDAHALE VE\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u00c7in D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Cao Licien\u2019in, Suriye\u2019den petrol ve tah\u0131l ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun 100 milyar dolardan fazla kaynak kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti\u011fi ABD\u2019nin[18]<\/sup><\/a> Ortado\u011fu stratejisi emperyalist-kapitalist talandan muaf de\u011filken; \u201cdemokrasi\u201d s\u00f6ylenceleri de ay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n incir yapra\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a>Hemen her \u015fey ortada; Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Senat\u00f6r Lindsey Graham\u2019\u0131n Pentagon\u2019un Suriye petrol\u00fcn\u00fcn I\u015e\u0130D ya da \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mesini \u00f6nleyecek bir plan haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemesi, ABD\u2019nin s\u00f6z konusu \u00fclkede kalma \u0131srar\u0131n\u0131n en somut nedeni say\u0131lmal\u0131. \u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri ABD ile Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletlerin Suriye\u2019ye \u201cinsan haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunmak\u201d, \u201c\u00fclkeye \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck getirmek\u201d ya da \u201cK\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumak\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle m\u00fcdahil oldu\u011fu iddialar\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131tm\u0131yordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Suriye petrol\u00fcyle, do\u011falgaz\u0131yla bu g\u00fc\u00e7lerin her zaman ilgi alan\u0131 olagelmi\u015ftir.[19]<\/sup><\/a> Suriye, kimilerinin iddia etti\u011fi gibi petrolden, do\u011falgazdan yana hi\u00e7 de fakir bir \u00fclke de\u011fil. Hen\u00fcz i\u015flenmemi\u015f, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, en az Irak\u2019\u0131nki kadar zengin rezervleri var. Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6ncesinde Humus yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir do\u011falgaz havzas\u0131 ke\u015ffedilmi\u015fti. En kanl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n orada ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi rastlant\u0131 de\u011fil.[20]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Ayr\u0131ca Rusya Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc \u0130gor Kona\u015fenkov, ABD\u2019nin Suriye\u2019deki petrol\u00fc yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 yollarla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p ihra\u00e7 etti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekerek ekliyordu: \u201cPentagon \u015eefi Mark Esper\u2019in, \u201cpetrol sahalar\u0131n\u0131 I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in\u201d ABD askerlerinin Suriye\u2019nin do\u011fusunda kalmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtmamal\u0131\u201d![21]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a>H\u00e2l bu merkezdeyken ABD\u2019nin BM Temsilcisi Nikki Haley, \u201cEsad\u2019\u0131n iktidarda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir Suriye hayal etmek zor. Bence \u015fimdilik iktidarda kalacak;[22]<\/sup><\/a> ya da \u0130srail Enerji Bakan\u0131 Yuval Steinitz\u2019in, \u201c\u0130srail hen\u00fcz Suriye\u2019deki i\u00e7 sava\u015fa dahil olmad\u0131. E\u011fer Esad, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n, Suriye topraklar\u0131nda operasyon yapmas\u0131na izin vermeye devam ederse \u0130srail onu tasfiye edecek ve rejimini devirecek. E\u011fer Esad Suriye\u2019yi \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n bize kar\u015f\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir askeri \u00fcs h\u00e2line getirirse bunun onun sonu olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmeli,\u201d[23]<\/sup><\/a> a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 da \u00e7ok \u00f6nceden bug\u00fcnleri anlat\u0131r gibiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a>Bunlara ek olarak ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Mike Pompeo\u2019nun \u201cSezar Yasas\u0131\u201d kapsam\u0131nda i\u00e7lerinde Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Be\u015f\u015far Esad ve e\u015fi Esma Esad\u2019\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 39 ki\u015fiye yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131[24]<\/sup><\/a> duyurmas\u0131;[25]<\/sup><\/a> ve i\u00e7 sava\u015f nedeniyle k\u0131r\u0131lgan olan Suriye ekonomisine Caesar Yasas\u0131 darbesi ile ABD m\u00fcdahalesi ekonominin daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fip, yoksullu\u011fun artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Kald\u0131 ki Asl\u0131nda Suriye kap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin esas konu gelece\u011fin hegemonya sava\u015flar\u0131na m\u00fcndemi\u00e7ken, aslolan m\u00fcttefikler de\u011fil, \u00e7\u0131karlard\u0131. T\u0131pk\u0131 Rusya Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda, \u201c8-12 Eyl\u00fcl 2017 d\u00f6neminde havadan \u00e7ekilen foto\u011fraflarla I\u015e\u0130D birliklerinin mevzilendi\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerde ABD \u00f6zel kuvvetlerinin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da Hummer z\u0131rhl\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131 tespit edildi\u201d ifadelerine yer verildi\u011fi \u00fczere![26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Evet \u201cdost\u201d ya da \u201cd\u00fc\u015fman\u201dlar\u0131 de\u011fil, sadece \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 olan emperyalizm bir yalan makinesidir. \u201cGenel olarak \u2018Arap Bahar\u0131\u2019 s\u00fcrecinde, \u00f6zel olarak da Suriye\u2019de medya, yalan haberlerle Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fgal planlar\u0131na yard\u0131m etti.\u201d[27]<\/sup><\/a> Ayr\u0131ca hemen her yerde de\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2022 1960\u2019larda John F. Kennedy\u2019ye tak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Guantanamo K\u00f6rfezi\u2019nde kendi botlar\u0131n\u0131 havaya u\u00e7urup Miami\u2019yi bombalay\u0131p su\u00e7u Castro\u2019ya atmaya ve K\u00fcba\u2019ya m\u00fcdahale zemini yaratmaya y\u00f6nelik Northwoods operasyonu.<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 1964\u2019te Kuzey Vietnam h\u00fccumbotlar\u0131n\u0131 sahte radyo sinyalleri ve radar g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleriyle USS Maddox\u2019a sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6sterip tekrarland\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla ABD\u2019yi 55 bin asker ve 3 milyon G\u00fcney Asyal\u0131n\u0131n can verdi\u011fi tarihinin en feci \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na sokmu\u015f olan Tonkin K\u00f6rfezi komplosu.<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 1990\u2019da Kuveyt sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n insani cephesini Amerikan halk\u0131na PR \u015firketi Hill and Knowlton\u2019un sponsorlu\u011funda \u2018Irak askerleri ink\u00fcbat\u00f6rlerden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 bebekleri yere at\u0131yorlar\u2019 s\u00f6ylemiyle a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7inin 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki k\u0131z\u0131 Neyire.<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 1998\u2019de Bill Clinton Amerikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Sudan\u2019da \u2018El Kaideciler vard\u0131\u2019 diye pazarlayarak vurdu\u011fu El \u015eifa ila\u00e7 fabrikas\u0131 facias\u0131.<\/td><\/tr>
\u2022 2003\u2019te Bush y\u00f6netiminin kitle imha silahlar\u0131 yalan\u0131yla giri\u015fti\u011fi Irak i\u015fgali.<\/td><\/tr>
<\/a>\u2022 2011\u2019de Libya lideri Kaddafi\u2019nin orduya \u2018Sivillere sak\u0131n ate\u015f a\u00e7may\u0131n\u2019 dedi\u011fi ses kayd\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131p \u2018ate\u015f a\u00e7ma emri verdi\u011fi\u2019 iddias\u0131 \u00fczerinden NATO e\u015fli\u011finde \u2018insani m\u00fcdahale\u2019\u2026\u201d[28]<\/sup><\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Veya Suudi Arabistan gazetesi \u2018El Vatan\u2019\u0131n, Esad\u2019\u0131n Akdeniz\u2019de demirli bir Rus sava\u015f gemisinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmesi;[29]<\/sup><\/a> \u00f6rne\u011findeki \u00fczere, milliyet\u00e7i ve militarist s\u00f6ylemi durmadan g\u00fcncelleyerek, t\u0131rmand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a>Ancak bunlar bo\u015funa de\u011fildir. Fransa Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Emmanuel Macron, ABD, Fransa ve m\u00fcttefiklerinin sava\u015f sonras\u0131 yeni Suriye\u2019yi in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgede kalmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylerken;[30]<\/sup><\/a> sonralar\u0131 Ukrayna Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Zelenski\u2019nin de, \u201cSuriye ile uzun vadeli stratejik ili\u015fkilere haz\u0131r\u0131z,\u201d[31]<\/sup><\/a> demesindeki \u00fczere\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sadece ABD de\u011fil; Rusya ile \u0130ran da elbette\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Rusya da Suriye\u2019yi ya\u011fmalad\u0131; Suriye\u2019de hem ordu hem de paramiliter g\u00fc\u00e7 bulunduran Rusya ve \u0130ran, Suriye halklar\u0131n\u0131n petrol\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u011fmalad\u0131.[32]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a>Ayr\u0131ca Rusya, Suriye\u2019yi adeta silah deneme laboratuvar\u0131na \u00e7evirdi. Suriye\u2019deki durumun iyile\u015ftirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki giri\u015fimlerde yararl\u0131 olmak istedikleri vurgusuyla, \u201cOrta Do\u011fu\u2019dan ayr\u0131lm\u0131yoruz,\u201d[33]<\/sup><\/a> diyen Rusya Savunma Bakan\u0131 Sergey \u015eoygu operasyonlar s\u0131ras\u0131nda 320\u2019den fazla silah\u0131n denendi\u011fini s\u00f6ylerken; Putin de Rus ordusunun yeni silahlar\u0131n\u0131n Suriye\u2019de test edildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[34]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.1) MEVCUT DURUM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a>\u00c7ok \u00f6nceleri Moskova\u2019da mevkida\u015f\u0131 Sergei Lavrov ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fen Suudi Arabistan D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Adil el-Ahmet el-C\u00fcbeyir, \u201cBizim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcz hep ayn\u0131. Biz Esad\u2019s\u0131z bir Suriye istiyoruz,\u201d[35]<\/sup><\/a> derken; \u201cSuriye\u2019deki i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n uzamas\u0131n\u0131n temel nedeni Esad g\u00fc\u00e7lerine destek i\u00e7in \u00fclkeye gelen \u0130ran ve Hizbullah g\u00fc\u00e7leridir. Bunlar Suriye cephesinden \u00e7ekilmesi durumunda Esad bir ay dayanamaz,\u201d[36]<\/sup><\/a> tarz\u0131 analizler dillendirilmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a>Kolay m\u0131? Suriye D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Velid el Muallim, silahl\u0131 muhalefet dahil, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek isteyen herkesle diyaloga haz\u0131r olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylerken;[37]<\/sup><\/a> Suriye h\u00fck\u00fcmeti muhalefet, asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131 ve firariler i\u00e7in af \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.[38]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm bunlar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z ve nafileydi! Suriye eskinin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve olmas\u0131 gereken yeninin yerine HT\u015e\u2019nin ikame edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir a\u00e7mazla y\u00fcz y\u00fczeydi\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kolay m\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a>\u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f 14 y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fc, \u00fclkenin kentleri y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 ekonomisi \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc, 22 milyon n\u00fcfuslu \u00fclkede 600 binin \u00fczerindeki can kayb\u0131 n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 3\u2019\u00fcne ula\u015ft\u0131.[39]<\/sup><\/a> \u00dclke n\u00fcfusunun yar\u0131s\u0131nda fazlas\u0131 (6.9 milyonu i\u00e7eride, 5.4 milyonu da kom\u015fu \u00fclkelere g\u00f6\u00e7mek \u00fczere) yerinden yurdundan oldu. Gidenler, kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerde siyasi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, ekonomik istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu. Demokratik, haklar \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler talepleriyle ba\u015flayan \u201csiyasi devrim\u201d, cihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n elinde \u00f6ld\u00fc, \u201ckad\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00e7ar\u015fafa sokmaya\u201d kararl\u0131 bir rejimde bitti. Romal\u0131 tarih\u00e7i Tacitus\u2019un \u201cYak\u0131p y\u0131kmaya, katletmeye, sahte iddialarla gasp etmeye imparatorluk diyorlar; \u00e7\u00f6l h\u00e2line getirdikleri yere bar\u0131\u015f diyorlar\u201d s\u00f6zleri bir kez daha ger\u00e7ek oldu![40]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elbette bunun b\u00f6yle olmas\u0131 \u201ctesad\u00fcf\u201d falan de\u011fildi. \u201c\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Esad rejimi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini \u00e7oktan kaybetmi\u015fti ama bu kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kimse beklemiyordu. Bu h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn nedenlerini anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00f6ncelikle i\u00e7 dinamiklerden ba\u015flamak gerekir. Bu ba\u011flamda hemen d\u00f6rt etken dikkat \u00e7ekiyor: Ordunun i\u00e7inin bo\u015falmas\u0131, ekonomik kriz, rejimin mafyala\u015fmas\u0131 ve toplumun dokusunda ba\u015flayan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye ordusu, rejimin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc dayana\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyormu\u015f. Ancak 2011\u2019de ba\u015flayan i\u00e7 sava\u015fla birlikte ordunun i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131nda, hiyerar\u015fisindeki sadakat ve hareket kapasitesi ciddi \u015fekilde azalm\u0131\u015f. Bir\u00e7ok birim, merkezi emir komuta zincirinden koparak b\u00f6lgesel milis gruplar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f. 2024 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki isyan s\u0131ras\u0131nda, HT\u015e gibi muhalif gruplar modern teknolojiyi ve etkili stratejileri devreye sokarken rejim ordusunun da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, disiplinsiz yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u015famam\u0131\u015f. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n orduyu yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma \u00e7abalar\u0131 da sonu\u00e7suz kalm\u0131\u015f. Y\u0131llarca s\u00fcren Rus askeri yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131, sadece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck elit birimlerin i\u015flevselli\u011fini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, rejimin ordusu hem donan\u0131m hem de motivasyon a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan muhaliflerle ba\u015f edemez bir konuma gelmi\u015f. Rejime sad\u0131k milislerin etkinli\u011fi ise s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve koordinasyonu yetersizmi\u015f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye ekonomisi, 2011\u2019de ba\u015flayan sava\u015f\u0131n etkisiyle s\u00fcrekli bir krize girmi\u015f. 2020\u2019ye gelindi\u011finde, Suriye poundu dolar\/Avro kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda adeta \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f, enflasyonun bas\u0131nc\u0131 alt\u0131nda halk, temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 bile kar\u015f\u0131layamaz h\u00e2le gelmi\u015f. Rejimin se\u00e7kinleri sava\u015f ekonomisi ve organize su\u00e7 faaliyetleri \u00fczerinden zenginle\u015firken halk\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar, yoksulluk daha da derinle\u015fmi\u015f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Amfetamin t\u00fcrevi bir uyu\u015fturucu olan captagon \u00fcretimi, rejimin en b\u00fcy\u00fck gelir kaynaklar\u0131ndan biri h\u00e2line gelmi\u015f.[41]<\/sup><\/a> Ancak bu gelirlerin hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde halk\u0131n refah\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirilmemesi kitlesel bir ho\u015fnutsuzluk dalgas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltiyormu\u015f. Halk, temel g\u0131da ve enerji kaynaklar\u0131na eri\u015fim konusunda s\u00fcrekli s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015farken rejimin \u00fcst d\u00fczey y\u00f6neticilerinin l\u00fcks ya\u015fam tarz\u0131, rejime olan \u00f6fkeyi her g\u00fcn biraz daha art\u0131r\u0131yormu\u015f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esad rejimi y\u00f6netim yap\u0131s\u0131yla da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcyormu\u015f. Devlet i\u00e7 tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, merkezi etkinli\u011fini h\u0131zla kaybeder, keyfi y\u00f6netim, yolsuzluk her alan\u0131 etkilerken, \u00fclkenin siyasi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi organize su\u00e7 \u00e7eteleri ve yerel sava\u015f a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu bir yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f. Esad\u2019\u0131n karde\u015fi Mahir Esad taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen 4. t\u00fcmen, captagon \u00fcretiminden sorumlu kilit bir yap\u0131 h\u00e2line gelmi\u015f. Bu durum, sadece ekonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc derinle\u015ftirmekle kalmam\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda rejim i\u00e7indeki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengelerini bozmu\u015f, i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, rekabeti \u00f6zellikle daralan kaynaklar, artan g\u00fcvensizlik, korku ortam\u0131nda iyice sertle\u015ftirmi\u015f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rejimin bu mafyavari yap\u0131s\u0131, halk\u0131n devlete olan g\u00fcvenini tamamen yok etmi\u015f. Yolsuzluk, kamu hizmetlerinin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin halka y\u00f6nelik keyfi \u015fiddeti, Suriye toplumunun bir arada kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan ba\u011flar\u0131 koparm\u0131\u015f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye toplumu, y\u0131llar s\u00fcren sava\u015f\u0131n etkisiyle derin yaralar alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 2024\u2019te ya\u015fanan olaylar, halk\u0131n rejime kar\u015f\u0131 yeniden sokaklara d\u00f6k\u00fclmesine neden oldu. Esad rejiminin azalan pop\u00fclaritesi, toplumsal dinamiklerdeki de\u011fi\u015fimi daha da belirginle\u015ftirdi. Daha \u00f6nce rejimle uzla\u015fma sa\u011flayan muhalif gruplar bile yeniden silahlanarak rejime kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toplum i\u00e7indeki mezhepsel ve etnik b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeler, rejimin daha geni\u015f bir destek taban\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 engelledi. \u00d6zellikle g\u00fcneydeki Deraa ve kuzeydeki \u0130dlib gibi b\u00f6lgelerde yerel direni\u015f gruplar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fi, rejimin askeri ve siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc daha da a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131. Halk, rejimin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018istikrar\u0131n\u2019 sadece bir yan\u0131lsama oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyor, de\u011fi\u015fim talepleri y\u00fckseliyordu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Esad rejiminin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, bir\u00e7ok yap\u0131sal sorunun bir araya gelmesiyle ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz h\u00e2le geldi. Hem i\u00e7 hem de d\u0131\u015f deste\u011fini kaybeden rejim, halk\u0131n deste\u011fini yeniden kazanacak hi\u00e7bir ad\u0131m atamad\u0131. Ekonomik y\u0131k\u0131m, organize su\u00e7 faaliyetleri, ordunun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve toplumsal huzursuzluk, rejimin h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131.\u201d[42]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Hay\u0131r hi\u00e7bir \u015fey bitmedi. Suriye\u2019yi yeni fel\u00e2ketler bekliyor! S\u00f6z konusu fel\u00e2ketler kom\u015fu \u00fclkeleri elbette etkileyecek\u2026[43]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mal\u00fbm, hem Esad rejimi y\u0131kan g\u00fc\u00e7ler, hem de Suriye halk\u0131, ideolojik, etnik olarak \u00e7ok par\u00e7al\u0131d\u0131r. Suriye\u2019nin yeniden in\u015fa s\u00fcrecini finanse edecek mali kaynaklar son derecede yetersizdir. Yeni rejimin bu a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapatmak i\u00e7in yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerden mali kaynak edinme \u00e7abalar\u0131, manevra alan\u0131n\u0131 daraltacak, yeniden in\u015fa planlar\u0131n\u0131 sapt\u0131racak hem de var olan par\u00e7al\u0131 durumun unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerin etkisine a\u00e7acakt\u0131r. Yeni bir rejim kurmak i\u00e7in var olan devletten yararlanmak isteyecek olanlar bu devletin i\u00e7inin kurumsal, personel ve y\u00f6netim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tamamen bo\u015falm\u0131\u015f, kalan personelin ise uzun y\u0131llar totaliter bir rejimin par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak ya\u015faman\u0131n getirdi\u011fi yozla\u015fmayla kirlenmi\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6receklerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u201cYeni gelenlerin\u201d, sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u00e7 \u00e7eli\u015fkilerinin, farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla su y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmaya, kaynak da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n etnik gruplara g\u00f6re farkl\u0131la\u015fmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131, farkl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n farkl\u0131 devletlerden yard\u0131m almas\u0131, eski rejimin yenisiyle birle\u015fmeye ba\u015flayan unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n olas\u0131 sabotajlar\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fulcu bir d\u00fczen kurmaya izin vermeyecektir. Di\u011fer taraftan, \u201cyeni gelenlerde\u201d cihat\u00e7\u0131 fanatizmin \u201c50 tonu\u201d var. \u201cNiyetler\u201d yapman\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndaki realiteye \u00e7arp\u0131nca bu tonlar\u0131n kaleydoskopunda olu\u015facak resmi \u015fimdiden bilmek olanaks\u0131z, ama bir \u015fey kesin: Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde insan haklar\u0131na, demokrasiye ili\u015fkin bir ton olmayacak.[44]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. AYRIM: ROJAVA MESELES\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcrt hareketi \u201cUlusal Birlik\u201d meselesini h\u00e2l\u00e2 halledemeyip, d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakilere kar\u015f\u0131 kapal\u0131yken; co\u011frafyam\u0131zdaki iktidar\u0131n \u201c\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm s\u00f6ylemi\u201d taktik manevradan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey olmamas\u0131 yan\u0131nda; as\u0131l ama\u00e7 Rojava\u2019daki ulusal in\u015fan\u0131n tasfiyesidir; elbette Trump\u2019l\u0131 ABD pazarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da \u201ces\u201d ge\u00e7meden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u00d6zellikle ABD\u2019nin belirsizli\u011fi, Esad\u2019\u0131n yenilgisi, zor durumdaki Putin Rusyas\u0131 ile \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n h\u00e2li negatif konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fc a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken; Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki K\u00fcrt kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 soru(n)larla y\u00fczy\u00fczedir; Matt Broomfield\u2019\u0131n, \u201cBe\u015far Esad\u2019\u0131n devrilmesi Suriye\u2019de geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 kutlamalarla kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Ancak T\u00fcrkiye destekli milislerin \u00fclkedeki varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geni\u015fletmesi nedeniyle K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfus i\u00e7in durum bilinmezlerle dolu,\u201d[45]<\/sup><\/a> saptamas\u0131ndaki \u00fczere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Rojava, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e \u201cBat\u0131\u201d demek. D\u00f6rt par\u00e7aya ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan \u201cK\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n Bat\u0131s\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131na geliyor. Bu da Suriye\u2019nin kuzeyine denk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun Suriye\u2019si ile Rojava\u2019s\u0131[46]<\/sup><\/a> ortal\u0131k toz-duman g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcyle m\u00fcssemayken; K\u00fcrt ulusal in\u015fas\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bir tehditle y\u00fcz y\u00fczedir; ve mutlaka savunulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a><\/a>\u00d6nce bir \u015feyin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izelim: Prof. John Holloway\u2019\u0131n, \u201cRojava Devrimi,\u201d[47]<\/sup><\/a> diye betimledi\u011fi olguya ili\u015fkin Avram Noam Chomsky, \u201cRojava Devrimi bir mucizedir, bu de\u011fer d\u00fcnyada g\u00f6r\u00fcnmelidir,\u201d[48]<\/sup><\/a> derken Meksika\u2019daki Zapatista hareketinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirece\u011fini vurgusuyla Marksist sosyolog filozof Michael L\u00f6wy, \u201cBir yeri ald\u0131lar ve kapitalist ve emperyalist dinamikleri oradan temizlediler. Bir \u00e7e\u015fit umudun i\u015fareti bu. D\u00fcnyada yerel deneyim anlam\u0131nda, \u00e7ok fazla ilham al\u0131nabilecek iki yer, Chiapas ve Rojava,\u201d[49]<\/sup><\/a> diye ekliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Ayr\u0131ca ana ak\u0131m K\u00fcrt hareketi de \u015funlar\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyor: \u201cRojava\u2019dan \u00f6\u011frenilecek esas ders, halk\u0131n etkin olarak alternatif d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kurarken di\u011ferlerini hayal etmeye devam etmesidir… Rojava\u2019n\u0131n ideolojisi, devlet, bar\u0131\u015f, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve ortak ya\u015fam hakk\u0131nda bildi\u011fimiz her \u015feyi alt\u00fcst etmeye kalk\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde, hiyerar\u015finin t\u00fcm formlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.\u201d[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u201c19 Temmuz 2012\u2019de Rojava\u2019da, K\u00fcrtlerin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti\u011fi bir devrim ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Devrim g\u00fc\u00e7leri \u00e7izgilerini 3. \u00c7izgi olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131lar. B\u00f6yle bir tan\u0131mlama 2010 ile birlikte, yeni bir ve\u00e7he kazanan Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te fark\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyma ihtiyac\u0131ndan kaynaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u2026 Ku\u015fkusuz 19 Temmuz Devrimi\u2019nin en ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelli\u011fi kad\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dayanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Tarihte s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve e\u015fitsizli\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ve bunun artarak s\u00fcrmesinin nedeni erkek egemen anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f sorgulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tarihte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen devrimler toplumsal sorunlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ek anlamda \u00e7\u00f6zememi\u015f ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131ramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 19 Temmuz Devrimi ise erkek egemen anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 a\u015farak, toplumsal sorunlara kaynakl\u0131k eden ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ve me\u015fru k\u0131lan bu durumu ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d[51]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u201cRojava\u2019da yani Kuzey ve Do\u011fu Suriye\u2019de, Abdullah \u00d6calan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nerdi\u011fi yeni paradigmas\u0131 olan demokratik konfederalizm in\u015fa ediliyor. H\u00e2kim kapitalist moderniteye kar\u015f\u0131 olan bu alternatife uygun olarak Rojava Devrimi, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesini, tabandan demokrasiyi ve sosyal ekolojiyi devrimin s\u00fctunlar\u0131 yaparak d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda ilgi \u00e7ekti. Demokratik modernitenin bir di\u011fer prensibi ise kom\u00fcnal ekonomiye dayal\u0131 ekolojik end\u00fcstri ve kooperatiflerdir. Bu nedenle, Kuzey ve Do\u011fu Suriye \u00d6zerk Y\u00f6netimi, kooperatifleri in\u015fa etmek amac\u0131yla, projeleri finansal ve materyal gere\u00e7lerle desteklemekle kalmay\u0131p, mahalleleri, k\u00f6yleri ve aileleri her g\u00fcn ziyaret edip kom\u00fcnal ekonominin prensiplerini ve yerel bir kooperatifin nas\u0131l kurulabilece\u011fini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Demokratik konfederalizm paradigmas\u0131 her an ve her yerde alternatifleri in\u015fa etmenin \u00f6neminin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyor.\u201d[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u201cRojava\u2019daki m\u00fccadelenin de\u011fer atfedilebilecek bir\u00e7ok \u00f6zelli\u011fi var. \u00d6zellikle de s\u00fcrece rengini veren kritik noktalar mevcut. Sivillerden askeri birimlere kadar \u00f6z savunma; kad\u0131n\u0131n savunmadan y\u00f6netime, ekonomiden k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alanlara kadar her noktada yer almas\u0131; hem ekonomik, hem e\u011fitim, hem de toplumsal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6rne\u011fi kooperatifler vb olu\u015fumlar\u0131, varl\u0131klar\u0131 ve etkileriyle s\u00fcrece damga vuran \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalard\u0131r. Kooperatifler nerdeyse \u00f6z savunma ile e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak kurulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve ekonomik cephe de ciddi olumlu katk\u0131lar sundu. DA\u0130\u015e, T\u00fcrkiye, KDP ve Rejim\u2019le sar\u0131l\u0131 b\u00f6lge her noktada ambargo alt\u0131nda inim inim inlerken, halk\u0131n panik i\u00e7inde b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek ailesel ve bireysel aray\u0131\u015flarla ya\u015famaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir de\u011fildi. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n el ele vermesi, dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, ekonomik ambargo ve silahl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 bertaraf etmesi \u00f6z savunmay\u0131 gerektirmekteydi. Bu sadece askeri ve politik cephede ba\u015far\u0131labilecek bir m\u00fccadele de\u011fildi. \u00d6zellikle ekonomik ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n acil kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi, mal ve can g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n idame edilmesi bir zorunluluktu. Kooperatif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 tam da bu ihtiyaca derman olabilecek, kendi \u015fartlar\u0131nda devrimci bir ad\u0131md\u0131.\u201d[53]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u201cKuzey ve Do\u011fu Suriye\u2019de kooperatifleri a\u00e7man\u0131n orta vadeli sebebi kesinlikle toplumun maddi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak ve kendi kendine yetebilirli\u011fini sa\u011flamak olsa da daha derin ama\u00e7 kesinlikle ilk hedefle el ele gidiyor, o da kom\u00fcnal hayat\u0131 geri getirmeyi sa\u011flamak.\u201d[54]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u201cK\u00fcrt siyasetinin esas ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Demokratik Ulus sistemi, iktidar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ve cinsiyet\u00e7ili\u011fi reddeden bir model olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor. Model tek dil, tek k\u00fclt\u00fcr, tek din, tek bayrak \u00fczerin kurulu ulus-devlet sisteminin aksine \u00e7ok dillili\u011fi, \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve kad\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc esas alarak demokratik bir sistemi i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor ve ulus-devlet sistemine alternatif bir model olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctleniyor. Bu model yine \u2018insan\u2019 merkezli ve rant \u00fczerine kurulu ulus-devlet sisteminin aksine ekolojik ya\u015fam\u0131 esas al\u0131yor. Abdullah \u00d6calan bu modeli, \u2018Demokratik Ulus ekonomik krizden kurtulmak i\u00e7in yerel ve k\u00fcresel modelleri birlikte geli\u015ftiren en do\u011fru siyasi ve ahl\u00e2ki yoldur,\u2019 s\u00f6zleri ile tarifliyor.\u201d[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Ayr\u0131ca \u2018Suriye \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131nda Rojava\u2019y\u0131 Anlamak\u2019 yap\u0131t\u0131n yazar\u0131 Raphael Lebrujah, Rojava\u2019n\u0131n, sert diktat\u00f6rl\u00fckler aras\u0131nda bu e\u015fitlik\u00e7i, feminist, ekolojik ve her \u015feyden \u00f6nce demokratik devrimin beklenmedik bi\u00e7imler ve orijinallikler kazanarak, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilerici siyasi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini besleyebilece\u011fini ifade ederek, \u201cOrada Fransa\u2019dan daha ileri bir demokrasi var,\u201d diyor.\u201d[56]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Ve nihayet Kuzey Suriye\u2019de 2012\u2019de k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ak\u0131lan \u2018Rojava Devrimi\u2019ni XXI. y\u00fczy\u0131l devrimi olarak de\u011ferlendiren ESP Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 T\u00fcm\u00fckl\u00fc, \u201cDevrimler bitti, ideolojiler bitti,\u201d gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00f6ylemlere de gereken cevap oldu\u011fu vurgusuyla ekledi: \u201cEmperyalist bloklar ve b\u00f6lge s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecileri aras\u0131nda birini se\u00e7mek zorunda olmayan ve ayn\u0131 zamanda yeni ya\u015fam\u0131 ifade eden bir s\u00fcreci ifade ediyor. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc cephe dedi\u011fimiz \u015fey, Rojava Devrimi\u2019nin varl\u0131k hakk\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buraya kadar ifade edilen \u015feylerin t\u00fcm\u00fc \u201cyeni\u201d de\u011fil; anti-s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci bir \u201culusal in\u015fa\u201dy\u0131 anlat\u0131yor; ba\u015f\u0131na \u201cdemokratik\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131 ekleme \u00e7abas\u0131 da temelde bir farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7m\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hele hele \u201cXXI. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Devrimi\u201d ya da \u201cKad\u0131n Devrimi\u201d ifadeleri bir \u201ch\u00fck\u00fcm\u201d ya da \u201cvarsay\u0131m\u201d olman\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u015fey anlatm\u0131yor. Bat\u0131l\u0131 entelekt\u00fcellerin \u00f6vg\u00fclerinin ard\u0131nda, Chiapas\u2019ta duvara toslayan \u201cpost-Marksist\u201d \u00fctopyay\u0131, \u201cyeni sol\u201d in\u015fay\u0131 Rojava\u2019da s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme, b\u00f6ylelikle de \u201cyeni sol\u201d iddialar\u0131n hepten ge\u00e7ersiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterme arzusu kendini belli ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Oysa, abart\u0131lar bir yana, Rojava ulusal bir in\u015fad\u0131r ve savunulmal\u0131d\u0131r;[58]<\/sup><\/a> bunun i\u00e7in \u201cXXI. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u201d ya da \u201cKad\u0131n\u201d vurgular\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 yoktur; Karl Marx\u2019\u0131n, \u201cM\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirenlerin m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilmesi\u201d vurgusuyla betimledi\u011fi \u00fczere, \u201cHer devrim eski toplumu da\u011f\u0131t\u0131r. Bu nedenle toplumsald\u0131r. Her devrim eski iktidar\u0131 devirir. Bu nedenle siyasald\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Yani sorun, m\u00fclkiyete kar\u015f\u0131 tav\u0131r meselesidir. Bu ba\u011flamda sosyalistlere g\u00f6re, \u201cToprak ve fabrikalar \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyette tutulduk\u00e7a halk\u0131n eme\u011finin kapitalistler taraf\u0131ndan bask\u0131s\u0131, doland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ya\u011fmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r.\u201d[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Yine Karl Marx\u2019\u0131n ifadesiyle \u201cToplumsal devrimler, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olan\u0131n zaaf\u0131yla de\u011fil, zay\u0131f olan\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir\u201dken; V. \u0130. Lenin\u2019in, \u201cDevrimsiz, \u00e7etin sava\u015f\u0131ms\u0131z, zorsuz bir devrim, Kautsky i\u015fte bunu istiyor. Sanki i\u015f\u00e7iler ile patronlar aras\u0131nda \u00f6fkelerin zincirden bo\u015fanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir grev isteniyormu\u015f gibi. B\u00f6yle bir \u2018sosyalist\u2019i herhangi bir liberal memurdan ay\u0131rman\u0131n yolunu bulun bakal\u0131m!\u201d[60]<\/sup><\/a> uyar\u0131s\u0131 da kulaklara k\u00fcpe edilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a>\u00dcst perdeden Karl Marx\u2019tan V. \u0130. Lenin\u2019e \u201cayar \u00e7ekmeye\u201d kalk\u0131\u015fan vaazlara prim vermeden; Rojava\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm ulusal in\u015fa taleplerinin hakl\u0131 ve me\u015fru oldu\u011fu net bi\u00e7imde ifade edilerek, ulusal sorun bast\u0131r\u0131lmay\u0131p, \u00f6zg\u00fcrce \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmeliyken;[61]<\/sup><\/a> Aleksandr Belov\u2019un, \u201cBat\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri her zamanki gibi \u2018Reel politik ya da jeopolitik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u2019 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda K\u00fcrtleri satabilir\u2026 K\u00fcrtler Bat\u0131n\u0131n ihanetine dayanabilir mi?\u201d[62]<\/sup><\/a> sat\u0131rlar\u0131 not edilmelidir!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Ancak d\u00fcn K\u00fcrt meselesinin \u201cnaylon\u201d bir sorun oldu\u011funu iddia eden[63]<\/sup><\/a> Esad prati\u011fi gibi bug\u00fcn de HT\u015e\u2019nin K\u00fcrt kazan\u0131mlar\u0131na el uzatmas\u0131na asla g\u00f6z yumulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esad bir manip\u00fclat\u00f6rd\u00fc ve HT\u015e\u2019de ondan farkl\u0131 olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a><\/a>Hat\u0131rlay\u0131n: Esad, \u201cBug\u00fcn Fransa, \u0130ngiltere ve ABD K\u00fcrtleri desteklemeyi istedikleri bahanesiyle uluslararas\u0131 hukuku ihl\u00e2l ediyor ama K\u00fcrtler Suriyelidir ve ayr\u0131 bir halk de\u011fildir,\u201d[64]<\/sup><\/a> derken; Suriye y\u00f6netimi BM\u2019ye g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi mektupta \u2018Suriye Demokratik G\u00fc\u00e7leri\u2019ni (SDG) \u201cayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 ter\u00f6rist milisler\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlay\u0131p SDG\u2019yi \u201cter\u00f6rist\u201d ve \u201cd\u00fc\u015fman\u201d ilan edilecek kadar sert bir dille ele\u015ftiriyor;[65]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 ter\u00f6r milisleri\u201d olarak nitelendiriyordu.[66]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Ayr\u0131ca \u2018Russia Today\u2019e Esad, \u201cE\u011fer m\u00fczakereler sonu\u00e7 vermezse bu b\u00f6lgeleri g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirece\u011fiz\u201d diyordu.[67]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Bu i\u015fin bir yan\u0131yken; \u00f6teki yan ise Fransa Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Emmanuel Macron\u2019un, YPG ile Arap, K\u00fcrt, S\u00fcnn\u00ee ve H\u0131ristiyan m\u00fcttefiklerini, e\u015fit say\u0131da kad\u0131n ve erkekle temsil eden SDG heyetine, \u201cSDG ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda, Fransa ve uluslararas\u0131 toplulu\u011fun yard\u0131m\u0131yla bir diyalogun kurulmas\u0131 temennisi\u201dnde[68]<\/sup><\/a> bulunan (\u201cho\u015f\u201d ve \u201cbo\u015f\u201d!) emperyalist destek vaatleriydi!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III.1) ABD FAKT\u00d6R\u00dc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a>T\u0131pk\u0131 ABD istihbarat kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ile haz\u0131rlan\u0131p ABD Kongresi\u2019ne sunulan \u20182021 ABD \u0130stihbarat\u0131 Tehdit De\u011ferlendirmesi Raporu\u201dnda \u201cABD YPG\u2019ye deste\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecek\u2019 vurgusu[69]<\/sup><\/a> ya da M\u00fcnih G\u00fcvenlik Konferans\u0131\u2019nda ABD\u2019nin, koalisyon \u00fcyelerinin Suriye konusunda daha fazla g\u00f6rev \u00fcstlenip asker g\u00f6ndermesini istemesi gibi![70]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a>Macron her ne kadar ABD\u2019nin Suriye\u2019den \u00e7ekilme karar\u0131na ili\u015fkin, \u201cAl\u0131nan karardan derin \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc duyuyorum,\u201d[71]<\/sup><\/a> dese de; Washington\u2019da 4 Haziran 2018\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye ile ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanlar\u0131 Mevl\u00fct \u00c7avu\u015fo\u011flu ile Mike Pompeo aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmenin yol haritas\u0131 belirlenmi\u015fti.[72]<\/sup><\/a> D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Mevl\u00fct \u00c7avu\u015fo\u011flu ile ABD\u2019li mevkida\u015f\u0131 Mike Pompeo aras\u0131nda ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede iki bakan\u0131n M\u0131nbi\u00e7 yol haritas\u0131n\u0131 onaylad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtildi.[73]<\/sup><\/a> Ard\u0131ndan ABD ile uzla\u015fma \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde T\u00fcrk askerinin M\u0131nbi\u00e7\u2019in d\u0131\u015f mahallelerine girdi.[74]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a>ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Rex Tillerson, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 anl\u0131yoruz ama Suriye\u2019nin kuzeyindeki durumdan endi\u015feliyiz.\u201d[75]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cABD YPG\u2019ye hi\u00e7bir a\u011f\u0131r silah vermemi\u015ftir, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla geri alaca\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yoktur. T\u00fcrkiye ile hedefimiz ortak.\u201d[76]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cArt\u0131k bu konuda (Suriye) yaln\u0131z hareket etmeyece\u011fiz. Amerika bir \u015fey yap\u0131p, T\u00fcrkiye ba\u015fka bir \u015fey yapmayacak bu noktadan sonra. Birlikte hareket edecek ve ilerleyece\u011fiz,\u201d[77]<\/sup><\/a> s\u00f6zleriyle[78]<\/sup><\/a> YPG\u2019yi g\u00f6zden \u00e7\u0131kartabileceklerinin sinyallerini veriyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Ayr\u0131ca TSK\u2019nin ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 harek\u00e2t sonras\u0131nda, Washington y\u00f6netiminin Suriye\u2019nin kuzeyinden birliklerini \u00e7ekme karar\u0131n\u0131n yank\u0131lar\u0131 s\u00fcrerken, ABD Savunma Bakan\u0131 Mark Esper, T\u00fcrkiye, K\u00fcrtlerle ili\u015fkiler ve \u00fclkesinin Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki askeri varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin dikkat \u00e7ekici a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunup, \u201cSuriyeli K\u00fcrtlere \u00f6zerk bir K\u00fcrt devleti ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 koruma s\u00f6z\u00fc vermediklerini\u201d ifade ederek ekledi: \u201cOnlara asla \u2018Sizi 70 y\u0131ld\u0131r NATO m\u00fcttefiki T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyaca\u011f\u0131z\u2019 demedik.\u201d[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a>\u00d6te yandan her ne kadar I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e Kar\u015f\u0131 Uluslararas\u0131 Koalisyon S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Albay Wayne Marotto, \u201cBirlikte kal\u0131c\u0131 olmaya kararl\u0131y\u0131z.\u201d[80]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cKoalisyon d\u00fczenli olarak g\u00fcvenlik devriyeleri yap\u0131yor; konvoylar\u0131 ESSA\u2019ya (Do\u011fu Suriye G\u00fcvenlik Alan\u0131) yeniden intikal ettiriyor, \u00fcsleri geli\u015ftiriyor ve koruyor. Birlik say\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u00fcsleri \u015fu ana kadar artmad\u0131\u201d;[81]<\/sup><\/a> dese de \u2018The National Interest\u2019de eski ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetkilisi Christian Whiton imzal\u0131 yaz\u0131da, ABD\u2019nin \u201cSuriyeli K\u00fcrtlere bor\u00e7lu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ABD yeni bir de facto K\u00fcrt devleti kurma i\u015finde olmamal\u0131,\u201d[82]<\/sup><\/a> deniliyordu. T\u0131pk\u0131 ABD\u2019nin I\u015e\u0130D\u2019le M\u00fccadele Uluslararas\u0131 Koalisyon eski Temsilcisi Brett McGurk\u2019\u00fcn de, SDG\u2019nin b\u00fct\u00fcn taraflarla m\u00fczakerelerde bulunmas\u0131 ve sonuna kadar ABD\u2019ye g\u00fcvenmemesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u00fczere.[83]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Bir de ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda Suriye dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev yapan Yarbay Richard Outzen, Amerika\u2019yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Suriye\u2019de ayn\u0131 \u015feyi istedi\u011fini belirtti.[84]<\/sup><\/a> Vb, vb\u2019leri\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a><\/a>\u00d6zetle ABD Kongre \u00dcyesi Thomas Alexander Garrett, Kuzey ve Do\u011fu Suriye\u2019deki tecr\u00fcbeyi olumlu buldu\u011funu ve ger\u00e7ekleri ABD\u2019ye iletece\u011fini belirtse de;[85]<\/sup><\/a> Trump\u2019\u0131n \u00f6zel temsilcisi, ABD\u2019nin eski Ankara b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilerinden James Jeffrey Washington\u2019daki Atlantik Konseyi panelinde ABD\u2019nin PYD\/YPG\/PKK ile ili\u015fkilerine de\u011finerek bu ili\u015fkinin \u201ctaktiksel\u201d oldu\u011fu, \u201cdaimi\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgusuyla, \u201cBiz onlara belirli bir ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in destek sa\u011fl\u0131yoruz; bu da I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Uzun d\u00f6nemde askeri ve siyasi bir destekten bahsediyorsan\u0131z b\u00f6yle bir politikam\u0131z yok\u2026 Hedefimiz SDG\u2019nin de\u011fi\u015fen Suriye toplumunun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r,\u201d[86]<\/sup><\/a> diyebiliyordu![87]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Bu ABD manevralar\u0131n\u0131n bir y\u00fcz\u00fcyd\u00fc; \u00f6teki ise ABD Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (Pentagon), 2019 b\u00fct\u00e7esinde Suriye\u2019de 60 ila 65 bin ki\u015filik bir gruba silah ve m\u00fchimmat talebinde bulunmas\u0131yd\u0131.[88]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a><\/a>Ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak PYD E\u015fba\u015fkanl\u0131k Konseyi \u00dcyesi Salih M\u00fcslim, \u201cABD yetkilileri ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck, Trump d\u00f6neminden farkl\u0131 olacak,\u201d[89]<\/sup><\/a> derken; YPG de, ABD\u2019de lobi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131. Lobi faaliyetleri i\u00e7in Cumhuriyet\u00e7ilere yak\u0131n bir lobi \u015firketiyle anla\u015fma yapt\u0131. Bu konuda Foreign Lobby Report\u2019a bir haber \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.[90]<\/sup><\/a> ABD\u2019de faaliyetlerine devam eden Nuri Mahmut ve Cumhuriyet\u00e7i lobici James Dorman\u2019\u0131n sahibi oldu\u011fu Jim Dornan Strategies isimli lobi firmas\u0131 30 Nisan 2021\u2019de ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere bir anla\u015fma imzalad\u0131.[91]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>T\u00fcm bunlardan hareketle \u201cABD\u2019nin K\u00fcrtlerin hamisi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebilir miyiz? Elbette hay\u0131r\u2026 Defalarca s\u00f6yledi\u011fimiz gibi ABD, K\u00fcrtlerin de\u011fil, sadece kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n dostu ve yar\u0131n ba\u015fkaca pazarl\u0131klara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak K\u00fcrtleri yeni tehditlerle y\u00fcz y\u00fcze b\u0131rakmas\u0131 hi\u00e7 de \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olmayacakt\u0131r.\u201d[92]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a>\u2018Sputnik\u2019e konu\u015fan SDG s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Gabriel Kino, ABD ile \u201cI\u015e\u0130D sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemler\u201d i\u00e7in de aralar\u0131nda bir anla\u015fman\u0131n oldu\u011funu dile getirse de,[93]<\/sup><\/a> yeri geldi, aktaral\u0131m: \u201c\u015eu laf Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 net a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor: \u2018ABD\u2019nin bir m\u00fcttefikten beklemesi gereken en temel \u00f6zellik, ABD politikalar\u0131n\u0131n hedeflerine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan tutarl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilir davran\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u2019…\u201d[94]<\/sup><\/a> Aksi ise m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ABD\u2019nin m\u00fcttefikleri de\u011fil, \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. T\u0131pk\u0131 Vietnam\u2019dan Afganistan\u2019a uzanan pratikte oldu\u011fu gibi\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III.2) \u00d6TEK\u0130 AKT\u00d6RLER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>S\u00f6z konusu h\u00e2le ili\u015fkin Rus D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Sergey Lavrov, \u201cK\u00fcrtler tutarl\u0131 olmal\u0131… ABD \u00e7ekilme karar\u0131 al\u0131nca K\u00fcrtler Suriye h\u00fck\u00fcmetiyle diyalog i\u00e7in bizden yard\u0131m istediler. Ama ABD petrol i\u00e7in d\u00f6nece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu ilgilerini yine kaybettiler. Tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var,\u201d[95]<\/sup><\/a> dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a>Oysa \u00f6ncesi farkl\u0131yd\u0131: ABD\u2019nin Suriye\u2019nin kuzeyinden \u00e7ekilme karar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, \u015eam\u2019la SDG Rusya\u2019n\u0131n arabuluculu\u011funda anla\u015ft\u0131. Suriye devlet medyas\u0131, Suriye Ordusu\u2019nun askerlerinin kuzeye kayd\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurup; SDG ise anla\u015fma[96]<\/sup><\/a> haberini do\u011frulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a>Suriyeli K\u00fcrt siyasi \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin temsilcilerinden olu\u015fan heyet, Rusya arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00f6nce Hmeymim \u00fcss\u00fcne daha sonra da \u015eam\u2019a giderek Suriye h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f[98]<\/sup><\/a> ve Demokratik Suriye Meclisi (DSM) Y\u00fcr\u00fctme Kurulu E\u015fba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130lham Ahmed, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n arabuluculu\u011fuyla \u015eam\u2019da Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik B\u00fcrosu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 General Ali Meml\u00fck ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcklerini ve siyasi m\u00fczakereleri ele ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti.[99]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a>\u2018\u015earku\u2019l Avsat\u2019a konu\u015fan \u0130lham Ahmed, Moskova\u2019dan \u015eam ile aralar\u0131nda arabuluculuk yapmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fini de s\u00f6ylese de;[100]<\/sup><\/a> Suriye D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Velid Muallim 24 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta Russia Today televizyonuna verdi\u011fi deme\u00e7te \u201cK\u00fcrt karde\u015flerimizle yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler, ABD\u2019yle K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerde ya\u015fanan dalgalanmalar nedeniyle istenen siyasi seviyeye ula\u015fmad\u0131 (\u2026) Bu nedenle K\u00fcrt g\u00fc\u00e7lerle diyalog durduruldu\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131.[101]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu t\u00fcr tutumlar HT\u015e ila ard\u0131ndakilerin elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi. Sonras\u0131 malum ve bug\u00fcnde Lavrov Suriye\u2019deki durumun iyile\u015ftirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki giri\u015fimlerde yararl\u0131 olmak istediklerini belirterek, \u201cOrta Do\u011fu\u2019dan ayr\u0131lm\u0131yoruz\u2026 Bu b\u00f6lgede petrol yataklar\u0131 bulunuyor. Bu b\u00f6lgede elde edilen kaynaklar Suriye\u2019nin kuzey do\u011fusundaki ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 unsurlar\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor,\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Ayr\u0131ca Lavrov Suriye\u2019deki K\u00fcrtlere \u201c\u015eam ile k\u00f6pr\u00fc kurulmas\u0131\u201d konusunda teklifte bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatarak \u015funlar\u0131 da kaydetti: \u201cOnlar bunu istemedi. Onlar orada Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve yar\u0131 devlet kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Onlara \u015funu hep anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k: T\u00fcrkiye ve Irak K\u00fcrt devletinin kurulmas\u0131na izin vermeyecek. K\u00fcrtlerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n Suriye, Irak, \u0130ran ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de isti\u015fare edilmesinden ve korunmas\u0131ndan yana yakla\u015f\u0131m sergiledik. Bir taraftan \u015eam di\u011fer yandan K\u00fcrtler m\u00fczakere etmek istemiyordu.\u201d[102]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Oysa PYD E\u015f Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Kurulu \u00dcyesi Aldar Xelil de, \u201cBug\u00fcn olur, yar\u0131n olur, ne zaman olursa olsun, ancak \u00d6zerk Y\u00f6netim ve \u015eam h\u00fck\u00fcmeti masaya oturmal\u0131. Bu \u00fclkedeki sorunlar \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc, ger\u00e7ekten Suriye halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 istiyorsak, bir araya gelmeliyiz. Oturursak bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm geli\u015ftirebiliriz,\u201d demi\u015fti! Ama\u2026[103]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV) TUTUM: HRANT\u2019IN UNUTULMASIN DED\u0130KLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in Rojava\u2019n\u0131n gelece\u011fi ulusal birlik ve enternasyonal dayan\u0131\u015fmadan ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u015eimdi ger\u00e7ek enternasyonalizm, \u201cDemokratik bir bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n ilk ko\u015fulu ilhaklardan vazge\u00e7mektir.\u201d Ve elbette \u201cSava\u015f zaman\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek enternasyonalist olmak kolay de\u011fildir. Bu t\u00fcr insanlar \u00e7ok az, ama sosyalizmin t\u00fcm gelece\u011fi sadece onlard\u0131r.\u201d[104]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u201cEnternasyonalist bir sosyal-demokrat olabilmek i\u00e7in, sadece kendi milletini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek yetmez. B\u00fct\u00fcn milletlerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131, h\u00fcrriyetlerini, hak e\u015fitliklerini, kendi milletinin \u00fczerinde tutmak gerekir.\u201d[105]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>T\u0131pk\u0131 NATO\u2019dan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey beklenmemesi gerekti\u011fi gibi![106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Co\u011frafyam\u0131zda anti-emperyalist, ger\u00e7ek enternasyonalist olabilmek i\u00e7in kritik soru \u201cT\u00fcrk yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na, Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n imparatorluk siyasetine kimin itiraz edece\u011fidir. Tersinden, s\u00f6zde anti-emperyalizm ad\u0131na, T\u00fcrk s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011finin Rojava\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik i\u015fgal siyasetini destekleyenler, birer sosyal \u015foven olarak an\u0131lmay\u0131 hak edeceklerdir.\u201d[107]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve bir \u015fey daha: Diyarbak\u0131r Barosu 2005\u2019te \u201cHerkes \u0130\u00e7in Adalet Seminerleri\u201dnin yedincisini Milliyet\u00e7ilik, Toplumsal Bar\u0131\u015f ve Demokrasi temas\u0131na ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Baronun o d\u00f6nemdeki ba\u015fkan\u0131 Sezgin Tanr\u0131kulu\u2019nun y\u00f6netti\u011fi konferansta, Hrant Dink de konu\u015fmac\u0131yd\u0131. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki s\u00f6zler Hrant\u2019\u0131n Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019daki konu\u015fmas\u0131ndan al\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u201cBenim halk\u0131m, ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki halk\u0131m, kendilerini kurtar\u0131r diye Avrupal\u0131lara g\u00fcvendi. Bazen Ruslara g\u00fcvendiler. Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n zulm\u00fc alt\u0131nda inliyorlard\u0131. G\u00fcvendiler. Altta bir \u015feyler oluyor gibi oldu. Ama sonra ne oldu, nas\u0131l oldu, oldu\u011fu gibi ortada b\u0131rakt\u0131lar o halk\u0131. Benim tek temennim ve nefesimin son kertesine kadar bunun m\u00fccadelesini veririm ki, aman dikkat, ele g\u00fcne g\u00fcvenerek bir milliyet\u00e7ilik olu\u015fturmayal\u0131m. Aman dikkat, Amerika geldi Kuzey Irak\u2019ta, bak\u0131n ne g\u00fczel ba\u015fard\u0131 gibi bir noktaya heveslenmeyelim. Daha zor olan bir \u015fey var. Bu halk \u00fczerine b\u00fct\u00fcn bask\u0131 ve dayatmalara, b\u00fct\u00fcn entrikalara, b\u00fct\u00fcn pisliklere zulme ra\u011fmen ki h\u00e2l\u00e2 devam ediyor, ne ederiz, nas\u0131l ederiz de birlikte ve yan yana de\u011fil, i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ya\u015famay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiririz. E\u011fer demokrasi gibi bir kavramdan bahsedeceksek, \u00e7okk\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fck gibi bir ger\u00e7eklikten bahsedeceksek, T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n da K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6n\u00fcndeki temel engel budur. Ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ya\u015famak, yan yana ya\u015famak ya da paralel ya\u015famak de\u011fil, i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ya\u015faman\u0131n, e\u015fit ya\u015faman\u0131n, birlikte \u00f6zg\u00fcr ya\u015faman\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 bulmakt\u0131r. Di\u011feri, dua edelim, ben \u00e7ok dua etmem ama bunun i\u00e7in dua ederim ki benim halk\u0131m\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelen K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelmesin.\u201d[108]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0130BEL \u00d6ZBUDUN-TEMEL DEM\u0130RER<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N O T L A R<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[*]<\/sup><\/a> G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, \u015eubat 2025\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> Dante Alighieri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[2]<\/sup><\/a> Muhammad Idrees Ahmad, \u201cYeni D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Habercisi Suriye\u201d, Birg\u00fcn, 21 Ekim 2019, s.5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[3]<\/sup><\/a> Ceyda Karan, \u201cSuriye Muhalefeti ve Ac\u0131nas\u0131 H\u00e2ller\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 9 Ocak 2017, s.7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[4]<\/sup><\/a> Bkz: i) Temel Demirer, \u201cOrtado\u011fu\u2019nun Suriye H\u00e2li\u201d, Kald\u0131ra\u00e7 Dergisi, No: 141, Mart 2013\u2026 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

ii) Temel Demirer, \u201cHedef(deki) Suriye\u201d, Kald\u0131ra\u00e7 Dergisi, No:129, \u015eubat 2012\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

iii) Temel Demirer, \u201cSuriye: Bir Libya Daha m\u0131?\u201d, Rojnameya Newroz, Y\u0131l:6, No: 210, 8 May\u0131s 2012\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

iv) Temel Demirer, \u201c\u0130kinci Perde: Tunus ile M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan Libya ile Suriye\u2019ye\u201d, Rojnameya Newroz, Y\u0131l:5, No:195, 8 Aral\u0131k 2011\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[5]<\/sup><\/a> \u0130brahim Varl\u0131, \u201cOrtado\u011fu\u2019nun Dizayn\u0131, BOP ve Suriye\u201d, Birg\u00fcn, 10 Aral\u0131k 2024, s.7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[6]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cSuriye\u2019ye Cihat\u00e7\u0131 Vah\u015fetiyle Getirilen \u2018Demokrasi\u2019\u2026\u201d, Birg\u00fcn Pazar, 1 Aral\u0131k 2024, s.10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[7]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cSe\u00e7imlerde Beklenen Sonu\u00e7 \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 29 May\u0131s 2021, s.7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[8]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cSava\u015f, m\u0131zrakl\u0131, trampetli bir bayram de\u011fildir, onun manzaras\u0131 kand\u0131r, \u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr.\u201d (Lev Nikolayevi\u00e7 Tolstoy.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cSava\u015flar D\u00fcnyay\u0131 Sard\u0131\u201d, Birg\u00fcn, 22 Kas\u0131m 2024, s.11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[10]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cAlmanya, 2024\u2019te Silah \u0130hracat\u0131nda Rekor Yeniledi\u201d, 22 Ocak 2025\u2026 https:\/\/nupel.tv\/almanya-2024te-silah-ihracatinda-rekor-yeniledi\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[11]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cSava\u015f\u0131n Kazanan\u0131 Silah End\u00fcstrisi\u201d, Birg\u00fcn, 8 Ekim 2024, s.10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[12]<\/sup><\/a> Bkz: i) Temel Demirer, \u201c\u2026 \u2018Eski(yen) Stat\u00fcko\u2019dan Gelece(ksizli)\u011fine Ortado\u011fu\u201d, Rojnameya Newroz, Y\u0131l:6, No:221 28 Eyl\u00fcl 2012\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ii) Temel Demirer, \u201c\u00d6tesi, Berisiyle Ortado\u011fu\u201d, Kald\u0131ra\u00e7 Dergisi, No:137, Kas\u0131m 2012\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

iii) Temel Demirer, \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Ortado\u011fu Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na Do\u011fru (mu?)\u201d, Esmer Dergisi, No:72, Mart 2012\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

iv) Temel Demirer, \u201cOrtado\u011fu Sarmal\u0131 ve T. \u2018C\u2019\u2026\u201d, Kald\u0131ra\u00e7 Dergisi, No:198, Ocak 2018\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

v) Temel Demirer, \u201cOrtado\u011fu\u2019da Durum ve Olanak(lar)\u201d, Rojnameya Newroz, Y\u0131l:8, No: 256, 1 Eyl\u00fcl 2014\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

vi) Temel Demirer, \u201cABD ve T. \u2018C\u2019 Deyince Ortado\u011fu\u2026\u201d, Kald\u0131ra\u00e7 Dergisi, No:130, Mart 2012\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

vii) Temel Demirer, \u201cOrtado\u011fu\u2019nun 2019 \u0130syan(lar)\u0131\u201d, Kald\u0131ra\u00e7 Dergisi, No: 224, Mart 2020\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

viii) Temel Demirer, \u201cAkt\u00f6rleri, Fakt\u00f6rleriyle Ortado\u011fu\u201d, Kald\u0131ra\u00e7 Dergisi, No:264, Temmuz 2023\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ix) Temel Demirer, \u201c\u2026 \u2018E\u015fik\u2019teki Ortado\u011fu ve T. \u2018C\u2019\u2026\u201d, Rojnameya Newroz, Y\u0131l:6, No:202, 9 \u015eubat 2012\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

x) Temel Demirer, \u201cEmperyalist ABD ve Bar\u0131\u015f\u201d, G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f21, Mart 2023\u2026 https:\/\/temeldemirer.blogspot.com\/2023\/03\/emperyalist-abd-ve-baris.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

xi) Temel Demirer, \u201cOrtado\u011fu: B\u00fcy\u00fck Foto\u011fraf ile \u2018K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\u2019 Ayr\u0131nt\u0131(lar)\u201d, Rojnameya Newroz, Aral\u0131k 2016\u2026 https:\/\/temeldemirer.blogspot.com\/2016\/12\/ortadogu-buyuk-fotograf-ile-kucuk.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

xii) Temel Demirer, \u201cOrtado\u011fu Yeniden Bi\u00e7imlen(diril)irken\u201d, 18 Eyl\u00fcl 2013\u2026 https:\/\/temeldemirer.blogspot.com\/2013\/10\/ortadogu-yeniden-bicimlendirilirken.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[13]<\/sup><\/a> Richard Silverstein, \u201cTrump 2.0 Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya Daha K\u00f6t\u00fc G\u00fcnler Getirecek\u201d, Birg\u00fcn Pazar, 1 Aral\u0131k 2024, s.13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[14]<\/sup><\/a> Ergin Y\u0131ld\u0131zo\u011flu, \u201cSuriye, \u0130srail, T\u00fcrkiye \u00dczerine Spek\u00fclatif D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler\u201d, 23 Aral\u0131k 2024\u2026 https:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/yazarlar\/ergin-yildizoglu\/suriye-israil-turkiye-uzerine-spekulatif-dusunceler-2281830<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[15]<\/sup><\/a> Ay\u015fe H\u00fcr, \u201cMe\u011ferse Suriye\u2019de T\u00fcrkmenler Ya\u015farm\u0131\u015f!\u201d, Radikal, 5 Ocak 2014, s.18-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[16]<\/sup><\/a> Suriye\u2019de alt\u0131 ayd\u0131r rejim ve Hizbullah g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin ku\u015fatmas\u0131 Medya\u2019da insanlar hayatta kalmak i\u00e7in yaprak, \u00e7imen yiyor; hi\u00e7bir \u015fey bulamad\u0131klar\u0131nda ise baharatl\u0131 su i\u00e7iyorlar. Baz\u0131lar\u0131, y\u0131llard\u0131r bakt\u0131klar\u0131 evcil kedi-k\u00f6peklerlerini bile \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcp yiyecek kadar \u00e7aresiz kalm\u0131\u015f. Pirincin gramla sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kasabada, bir kilo pirincin fiyat\u0131 250-300 dolara \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. BBC\u2019ye bilgi veren Abdullah isimli bir Medayal\u0131, \u201cYiyecek bulam\u0131yoruz. \u00c7ocuklar, kad\u0131nlar, herkes \u00f6lmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. A\u011fa\u00e7 yapraklar\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7imenleri bazen de kedileri yiyoruz,\u201d dedi. Doktor Halid, bir ayd\u0131r s\u00fct verilemeyen bebeklerin \u015feker ve tuzlu su ile hayatta tutulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. Reuters\u2019a konu\u015fan 28 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Macid Ali ise, \u201cA\u011fa\u00e7 yapraklar\u0131 ve bitkileri yiyerek hayatta kal\u0131yoruz ama \u015fimdi kar f\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden art\u0131k bitki de kalmad\u0131\u201d diyor. Ku\u015fatma \u00f6ncesinde 114 kilo oldu\u011funu belirten Ali, 80 kiloya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f. (\u201cSuriyeliler A\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00d6l\u00fcyor\u201d, Milliyet, 8 Ocak 2016, s.16.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[17]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBol\u015fevik Partizan: Emperyalist ve B\u00fct\u00fcn Gerici G\u00fc\u00e7ler Suriye\u2019den Defolun!\u201d, 8 Aral\u0131k 2024\u2026 https:\/\/www.avrupademokrat3.com\/bolsevik-partizan-emperyalist-ve-butun-gerici-gucler-suriyeden-defolun\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[18]<\/sup><\/a> \u201c\u00c7in, ABD\u2019yi Suriye\u2019den Petrol ve Tah\u0131l Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yapmakla Su\u00e7lad\u0131\u201d, S\u00f6zc\u00fc, 4 Aral\u0131k 2022, s.13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[19]<\/sup><\/a> Rusya Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Valeriy Gerasimov, Rus istihbarat\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenli olarak Suriye\u2019nin do\u011fusundan T\u00fcrkiye ve Irak\u2019a giden petrol konvoylar\u0131 tespit etti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131p, petrol sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan elde edilen gelirin I\u015e\u0130D militanlar\u0131n\u0131n finansman\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131. (\u201cGerasimov: Suriye\u2019den T\u00fcrkiye ve Irak\u2019a Petrol Ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yor\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 6 Aral\u0131k 2018, s.7.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[20]<\/sup><\/a> Mustafa Kemal Erdemol, \u201cABD\u2019nin Bitmeyen Petrol Sevdas\u0131\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 26 Ekim 2019, s.7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[21]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cRusya\u2019dan Su\u00e7lama: ABD Petrol\u00fc \u00c7al\u0131yor\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 27 Ekim 2019, s.7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[22]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cABD: Be\u015far Esad\u2019\u0131 Zorla \u0130ktidardan G\u00f6ndermeyece\u011fiz\u201d, Birg\u00fcn, 25 Eyl\u00fcl 2018, s.4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[23]<\/sup><\/a> \u201c\u0130srail\u2019den Tehdit: Esad\u2019\u0131 Tasfiye Eder, Rejimini Deviririz\u201d, Evrensel, 8 May\u0131s 2018, s.11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[24]<\/sup><\/a> ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Suriye Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Be\u015far Esad\u2019\u0131n e\u015fi Esma Esad\u2019a ve ailesine y\u00f6nelik yapt\u0131r\u0131m karar\u0131 ald\u0131. \u0130ngiltere do\u011fumlu Esma Esad ve Londra\u2019da ya\u015fayan, \u0130ngiliz vatanda\u015f\u0131 doktor babas\u0131 Fawaz Akras, annesi Seher Otri, erkek karde\u015fi Firas Akras ve amcas\u0131 Eyad Akras, ABD Hazine Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m listesine girdi. ABD Hazine Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ve D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu\u011fu iki listede toplam 18 ki\u015fi ve kurum yer al\u0131yor. Suriye ordusunun istihbarat biriminin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki Kifah Mulhem, Suriye Merkez Bankas\u0131 ve Esad\u2019\u0131n dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131ndan Lina el Kinaya da bu listelerin i\u00e7inde. (\u201cABD\u2019den Yine Suriye Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 24 Aral\u0131k 2020, s.7.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[25]<\/sup><\/a> \u201c\u015eam\u2019a Yapt\u0131r\u0131m K\u0131skac\u0131\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 18 Haziran 2020, s.7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[26]<\/sup><\/a> Delil Souleiman, \u201cRusya: ABD Destekli DSG Birlikleri I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in Kontrol\u00fcndeki B\u00f6lgelerden Engelsiz Bir \u015eekilde Ge\u00e7iyor\u201d, 24 Eyl\u00fcl 2017\u2026 https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/rusya\/201709241030282840-abd-destekli-dsg-engelsiz\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[27]<\/sup><\/a> Afshin Mehrpouya, \u201cMedyan\u0131n Suriye\u2019deki Yalanlar\u0131\u201d, Birg\u00fcn, 5 May\u0131s 2012, s.10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[28]<\/sup><\/a> Ceyda Karan, \u201c\u2026 \u2018False Flag\u2019 (Yan\u0131ltma Operasyonu)\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 18 Nisan 2018, s.13.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[29]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cEsad Sava\u015f Gemisinde mi Saklan\u0131yor?\u201d, Milliyet, 15 Ocak 2013, s.21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[30]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMacron: Sava\u015f Sonras\u0131 Yeni Suriye\u2019yi \u0130n\u015fa Etmeliyiz\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 24 Nisan 2018, s.7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[31]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cZelenski: Suriye ile Uzun Vadeli Stratejik \u0130li\u015fkilere Haz\u0131r\u0131z\u201d, 31 Aral\u0131k 2024\u2026 https:\/\/www.yirmidort.tv\/dunya\/ukrayna-devlet-baskani-zelenski-suriye-ile-uzun-vadeli-stratejik-iliskilere-haziriz-215639<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[32]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cRusya Suriye\u2019yi Ya\u011fmal\u0131yor\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 5 Mart 2021, s.5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[33]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cLavrov: Orta Do\u011fu\u2019dan Ayr\u0131lm\u0131yoruz\u201d 14 Ocak 2025\u2026 https:\/\/www.dokuz8haber.net\/rusya-disisleri-bakani-lavrov-orta-dogudan-ayrilmiyoruz<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[34]<\/sup><\/a> \u201c320\u2019den Fazla Silah Denenmi\u015f\u201d, Birg\u00fcn, 16 Temmuz 2021, s.5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[35]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cSuudi Arabistan\u2019dan Rusya\u2019ya Esad Resti\u201d, Haber T\u00fcrk, 12 A\u011fustos 2015, s.21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[36]<\/sup><\/a> Haki Demir, \u201cSuriye\u2019deki Sava\u015f Neden Uzuyor?\u201d, Yeni \u015eafak, 3 Kas\u0131m 2012, s.18.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201c\u015eam\u2019dan En Net Teklif\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 26 \u015eubat 2013, s.12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[38]<\/sup><\/a> \u201c\u015eam Af Kart\u0131n\u0131 A\u00e7t\u0131\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 10 Ekim 2018, s.13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[39]<\/sup><\/a> BM, i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n 10\u2019uncu y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 doldurdu\u011fu Suriye\u2019de t\u00fcm \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin \u00e7ocuk sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 kullanmaya devam etti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. BM Genel Sekreteri Antonio Guterres\u2019in BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi\u2019ne sundu\u011fu rapora g\u00f6re 2018-2020 tarihlerini kapsayan d\u00f6nemde toplam 1423 \u00e7ocuk, Suriye\u2019de \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6rg\u00fctler taraf\u0131ndan silah alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131 ve bu d\u00f6nemde Suriye\u2019de 1557 \u00e7ocuk \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi, 1160 \u00e7ocuk da sakat kald\u0131. (H\u00fcseyin Hayatsever, \u201cSuriye\u2019de \u0130ki Y\u0131lda 1423 \u00c7ocuk Sava\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 24 May\u0131s 2021, s.7.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[40]<\/sup><\/a> Ergin Y\u0131ld\u0131zo\u011flu, \u201cSiyasetin Sefaleti\u201d, 16 Aral\u0131k 2024\u2026 https:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/yazarlar\/ergin-yildizoglu\/siyasetin-sefaleti-2279551<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[41]<\/sup><\/a> BBC\u2019nin elde etti\u011fi kan\u0131tlar, Esad ailesinin baz\u0131 \u00fcyelerinin ve ordunun Captagon ticaretine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Suriye ordusunun \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinin ve Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Be\u015far Esad\u2019\u0131n ailesinin milyarlarca dolarl\u0131k uyu\u015fturucu ticareti yapt\u0131klar\u0131na dair yeni ba\u011flant\u0131lar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Captagon, son y\u0131llarda Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da adeta veba gibi yay\u0131lan, \u00e7ok fazla ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k yapan amfetamin benzeri bir uyu\u015fturucu. (\u201cEsad Ailesi Captagon Sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Rol Oynad\u0131\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 28 Haziran 2023, s.7.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[42]<\/sup><\/a> Ergin Y\u0131ld\u0131zo\u011flu, \u201cSuriye: H\u0131zl\u0131 Bir De\u011ferlendirme?\u201d, 9 Aral\u0131k 2024\u2026 https:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/yazarlar\/ergin-yildizoglu\/suriye-hizli-bir-degerlendirme-2277250<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[43]<\/sup><\/a> Suriye\u2019yi \u015fekillendirmek T\u00fcrk m\u00fcteahhitlere \u00e7ek yazacak bir h\u00fck\u00fcmete ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bilen kadrolara sahip olmaktan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor. HT\u015e \u0130dlib\u2019deyken T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131yd\u0131; \u015eam\u2019a h\u00e2kim olunca se\u00e7enekleri \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131. Ve ayr\u0131ca kendi berbat sicilinin getirdi\u011fi engelleri a\u015fmak i\u00e7in her tarafa kafa sallamak zorunda. (Fehim Ta\u015ftekin \u201cErdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n Suriye Sepeti ve \u00c7aylaklar Heyeti\u201d 16 Ocak 2025\u2026 https:\/\/www.gazeteduvar.com.tr\/erdoganin-suriye-sepeti-ve-caylaklar-heyeti-makale-1750012)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[44]<\/sup><\/a> Ergin Y\u0131ld\u0131zo\u011flu, \u201cSuriye\u2019de Niyet ve Realite\u201d, 12 Aral\u0131k 2024\u2026 https:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/yazarlar\/ergin-yildizoglu\/suriyede-niyet-ve-realite-2278349<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[45]<\/sup><\/a> Matt Broomfield,\u201cK\u00fcrtler Yeni Suriye\u2019de Hayatta Kalabilecek mi?\u201d 12 Aral\u0131k 2024\u2026 https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/2024\/12\/12\/kurtler-yeni-suriyede-hayatta-kalabilecek-mi-matt-broomfield\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[46]<\/sup><\/a> Bkz: i) Temel Demirer, \u201cOrtado\u011fu\u2019da T.\u2018C\u2019nin H\u00e2li ve Rojava\u201d, Kald\u0131ra\u00e7 Dergisi, No:176, Mart 2016\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ii) Temel Demirer, \u201cOrtado\u011fu ve Rojava ya da Tehditler ile \u0130mk\u00e2nlar\u201d, Kald\u0131ra\u00e7 Dergisi, No:159, Eyl\u00fcl 2014\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

iii) Sibel \u00d6zbudun-Temel Demirer, \u201cEmperyalizm, T.\u2018C\u2019 ve Afrin\u201d, Kald\u0131ra\u00e7 Dergisi, No: 199, \u015eubat 2018\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

iv) Sibel \u00d6zbudun-Temel Demirer, \u201cAfrin (ve Suriye), Afrin (ve Suriye\u2019n)in \u00d6tesidir!\u201d, Rojnameya Newroz, Mart 2018\u2026 https:\/\/temeldemirer.blogspot.com\/2018\/03\/afrin-ve-suriye-afrin-ve-suriyenin.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

v) Temel Demirer, \u201cSava\u015f ve \u2018Bar\u0131\u015f(s\u0131zl\u0131k)\u2019\u0131n Ortado\u011fu\u2019su ile Rojava Deneyimi\u201d, Rojnameya Newroz, Ocak 2016\u2026 https:\/\/temeldemirer.blogspot.com\/2016\/01\/savas-ve-barissizlikin-ortadogusu-ile.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

vi) Temel Demirer, \u201cK\u00fcrtler ve Ortado\u011fu\u201d, Rojnameya Newroz, \u015eubat 2016\u2026 https:\/\/temeldemirer.blogspot.com\/2016\/02\/kurtler-ve-ortadogu.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[47]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cDevrim Gelecekte De\u011fil Rojava\u2019da\u201d, \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc Demokrasi, 15 Nisan 2017, s.8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[48]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cChomsky: Rojava\u2019n\u0131n Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Devam Etmesi Bir Mucizedir, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 17 Ocak 2021, s.5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[49]<\/sup><\/a> Metin Ye\u011fin, \u201cMichael L\u00f6wy: D\u00fcnya Zapatistalardan ve Rojava\u2019dan \u0130lham Almal\u0131\u201d, 17 Ocak, 2019\u2026 https:\/\/www.gazeteduvar.com.tr\/yazarlar\/2019\/01\/17\/michael-lowy-dunya-zapatistalardan-ve-rojavadan-ilham-almali\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[50]<\/sup><\/a> Hawzhin Azeez, \u201cRojava\u2019n\u0131n \u00d6\u011frettikleri\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 26 Ocak 2021, s.8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[51]<\/sup><\/a> Salih Y\u0131lmaz, \u201c19 Temmuz Devrimi\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 20 Temmuz 2022, s.10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[52]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cRojava\u2019da Devrim ve Kooperatifler (1)\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 1 \u015eubat 2021, s.8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[53]<\/a>[53]<\/sup> Ehmed Pelda, \u201cF\u0131rsatlar ve Sorunlar K\u0131skac\u0131nda Rojava Kooperatifleri\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 4 Ocak 2021, s.5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[54]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cRojava\u2019da Kooperatif Deneyimi (2)\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 2 \u015eubat 2021, s.8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[55]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cXXI. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u0130lham\u0131: Rojava Kad\u0131n Devrimi\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 1 Kas\u0131m 2022, s.9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[56]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cGazeteci Raphael Lebrujah: Fransa\u2019dan Daha \u0130leri Bir Demokrasi\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 23 Ekim 2018, s.9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[57]<\/sup><\/a> \u201c\u015eahin T\u00fcm\u00fckl\u00fc: Rojava XXI. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Devrimidir\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 26 Temmuz 2019, s.6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[58]<\/sup><\/a> Suriye K\u00fcrtleri, Suriye\u2019nin kuzeyinde\/Rojava\u2019da y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7irdikleri 2012 yaz\u0131ndan bu yana devlet s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131na bile almad\u0131lar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc buradaki K\u00fcrt hareketi \u00d6calan\u2019\u0131 \u00f6nder olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor ve ayr\u0131 devlet kurma fikrini ideolojik olarak reddediyor. \u00dcstelik 2016\u2019da Kuzey Suriye-Rojava Demokratik Federasyonu\u2019nu ilan eden K\u00fcrtler (Demokratik Suriye G\u00fc\u00e7leri\u2019nin siyasi kanad\u0131 olan Demokratik Suriye Meclisi), Suriye rejimi ile m\u00fczakere ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm zeminini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in y\u00f6netimleri alt\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerin ad\u0131n\u0131 2018\u2019in Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcnde \u2018Kuzey ve Do\u011fu Suriye \u00d6zerk Y\u00f6netimi\u2019 olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirdiler. Rusya D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Sergey Lavrov olmak \u00fczere \u201cs\u00f6zde K\u00fcrt devlet\u00e7i\u011fi\u201dnden s\u00f6z eden herkes asl\u0131nda K\u00fcrtlerin ayr\u0131 bir devlet kurma pe\u015finde olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 biliyor. (Yusuf Karata\u015f, \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck K\u00fcrdistan\u2019dan K\u00fcrt devlet\u00e7i\u011fine!\u201d, Evrensel, 15 Ekim 2018, s.8.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[59]<\/sup><\/a> V. \u0130. Lenin, Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n Kurtulu\u015fu, \u00e7ev: Ertu\u011frul Yemeno\u011flu, G\u00fcnce Yay., 1975.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[60]<\/sup><\/a> V. \u0130. Lenin, Proleter Devrim ve D\u00f6nek Kautsky, \u00e7ev: Kenan Somer, Bilim ve Sosyalizm Yay., 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[61]<\/sup><\/a> Rojava Devrimi\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck handikap\u0131 ABD ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 olmamas\u0131, aksine ili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftirmesidir. Bu, devrimin gelece\u011fini de tehdit eden bir zafiyettir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar Rojava Devrimi\u2019ni \u201ctamamlanmam\u0131\u015f bir devrim\u201d olarak nitelememizi do\u011frulayan geli\u015fmelerdir. Devrimin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda birer kayg\u0131 unsuru olarak belirtti\u011fimiz noktalar, bug\u00fcn kesinle\u015fen ger\u00e7ekler h\u00e2lini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ve bunlar ne yaz\u0131k ki, devrimi ileriye do\u011fru de\u011fil, geriye do\u011fru \u00e7ekmektedir.Elbette s\u00fcre\u00e7 h\u00e2l\u00e2 tamamlanm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir. (\u201cRojava Devrimi \u00dczerine Genel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f\u201d, Devrimci Duru\u015f, No:96, Nisan 2021, s.23.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[62]<\/sup><\/a> Aleksandr Belov, \u201cK\u00fcrtler Bat\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hanetine Dayanabilir mi?\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 16 Aral\u0131k 2019, s.7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cEsad\u2019dan Yine Tek\u00e7i S\u00f6ylemler\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 7 Mart 2020, s.9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[64]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cEsad: K\u00fcrtler Suriyelidir, Ayr\u0131 Bir Halk De\u011fildir\u201d\u2026 https:\/\/www.gazeteduvar.com.tr\/dunya\/2019\/11\/28\/esad-kurtler-ayri-bir-halk-degildir\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[65]<\/sup><\/a> Yusuf Karata\u015f, \u201cSuriye Rejimi K\u00fcrtleri Neden D\u00fc\u015fman \u0130lan Etti?\u201d, Evrensel, 20 Eyl\u00fcl 2019, s.7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[66]<\/sup><\/a> \u201c\u015eam SDG\u2019yi \u2018B\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fc Ter\u00f6rist Milisler\u2019 Olarak Niteledi\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 17 Eyl\u00fcl 2019, s.7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cEsad\u2019dan \u00c7arp\u0131c\u0131 YPG A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 1 Haziran 2018, s.11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[68]<\/sup><\/a> aktaran: Ahmet \u0130nsel, \u201cMacron SDG\u2019ye Hangi Vaatte Bulundu?\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 31 Mart 2018, s.11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[69]<\/sup><\/a> H\u00fcseyin Hayatsever, \u201c2021 \u0130stihbarat\u0131 Tehdit De\u011ferlendirmesi Raporu: ABD YPG\u2019ye Deste\u011fini S\u00fcrd\u00fcrecek\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 17 Nisan 2021, s.6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[70]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cABD Koalisyondan Suriye Deste\u011fi \u0130stedi\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 18 \u015eubat 2019, s.9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[71]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMacron: Suriye Operasyonlar\u0131 Devam Edecek\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 4 Ocak 2019, s.7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[72]<\/sup><\/a> U\u011fur Ergan, \u201cMenbi\u00e7 Form\u00fcl\u00fc\u201d, H\u00fcrriyet, 27 Haziran 2018, s.14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[73]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cABD ile M\u0131nbi\u00e7 Anla\u015fmas\u0131: Yol Haritas\u0131 Onayland\u0131\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 5 Haziran 2018, s.13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[74]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cTSK, M\u0131nbi\u00e7\u2019te G\u00f6reve Ba\u015flad\u0131\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 19 Haziran 2018, s.10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[75]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cTillerson\u2019dan Art Arda \u2018Afrin\u2019 A\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 14 \u015eubat 2018, s.7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[76]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Tillerson: YPG\u2019ye A\u011f\u0131r Silah Verilmemi\u015ftir\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 16 \u015eubat 2018, s.6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[77]<\/sup><\/a> Duygu G\u00fcven\u00e7, \u201cNormalle\u015fme Rotas\u0131\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 17 \u015eubat 2018, s.7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[78]<\/sup><\/a> ABD ile YPG aras\u0131nda \u2018PKK ile olan ba\u011flar\u0131\u2019 konusunda gerginlik ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildiriliyor. \u2018BasNews\u2019e konu\u015fan ad\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131 istemeyen Rojava \u00d6zerk Y\u00f6netimi\u2019nden bir kaynak, son d\u00f6nemde YPG ile ABD\u2019li yetkililer aras\u0131nda YPG\u2019nin PKK\u2019den talimat ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esi ile ciddi boyutta \u00e7eli\u015fki ve gerilimin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. (\u201cABD\u2019den PKK ve YPG\u2019ye Mektup\u201d, 13 Kas\u0131m 2018\u2026 http:\/\/www.artigundem.org\/dunya\/abd-den-ypg-ye-pkk-mektubu)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[79]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cK\u00fcrtlere S\u00f6z Vermedik\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 9 Aral\u0131k 2019, s.7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[80]<\/sup><\/a> Aytun\u00e7 Erkin, \u201cABD: YPG ile Birlikte Kal\u0131c\u0131 Olmakta Kararl\u0131y\u0131z\u201d, S\u00f6zc\u00fc, 10 Mart 2021, s.14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[81]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cABD\u2019den YPG\u2019ye Destek\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 22 \u015eubat 2021, s.6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[82]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cEski ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yetkilisi: ABD Suriyeli K\u00fcrtlere Bor\u00e7lu De\u011fil\u201d, 4 Ocak 2019\u2026 http:\/\/haber.sol.org.tr\/dunya\/eski-abd-disisleri-bakanligi-yetkilisi-abd-suriyeli-kurtlere-borclu-degil-254089<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[83]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMcGurk\u2019tan K\u00fcrtlere \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131: \u2018G\u00fcvenmeyin\u2019\u2026\u201d, 25 \u015eubat 2020\u2026 https:\/\/ahvalnews-com.cdn.ampproject.org\/c\/s\/ahvalnews.com\/tr\/sdg\/mcgurktan-kurtlere-cagri-guvenmeyin<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[84]<\/sup><\/a> Serhan Akif Aky\u0131ld\u0131z-Tezcan Ta\u015fk\u0131ran, \u201cAmerika D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndaki Albaydan Kritik S\u00f6zler\u201d, 16 Aral\u0131k 2018\u2026 https:\/\/odatv.com\/ister-inanin-ister-inanmayin-gunun-sonunda-turkiyenin…-16121809.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[85]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cABD Kongresi \u00dcyesi Thomas Alexander Garrett: \u00d6zerklik Olumlu Bir Tecr\u00fcbe\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 29 Kas\u0131m 2018, s.9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[86]<\/sup><\/a> Daver Darende, \u201cABD\u2019nin Suriye Satranc\u0131\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 5 Ocak 2019, s.2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[87]<\/sup><\/a> Sputnik\u2019e konu\u015fan DSG\u2019den \u00fcst d\u00fczey bir yetkili ABD\u2019nin \u00e7ekilmemesi i\u00e7in Koban\u00ea\u2019de \u011eerep\u0131\u015fk k\u00f6y\u00fcndeki ABD \u00fcss\u00fcnde ABD askerleriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015feceklerini belirterek, \u201cABD askerlerini \u00e7ekece\u011fini \u00c7ar\u015famba ak\u015fam\u0131 bize aktard\u0131. ABD daha \u00f6nce bize demi\u015fti Suriye\u2019de en az 10 y\u0131l daha kalaca\u011f\u0131z demi\u015fti. Bizde planlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ona g\u00f6re yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. ABD\u2019nin \u00e7ekilmemesi i\u00e7in yo\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yap\u0131yoruz. E\u011fer ABD askerini \u00e7ekerse T\u00fcrkiye bize hemen operasyon yapar. Bundan kaynakl\u0131 bir kayg\u0131 var. ABD\u2019nin \u00e7ekilme karar\u0131 bizi \u015fok etti\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PYD Y\u00f6neticisi Fethi M\u0131hemed de ABD\u2019nin askerlerini \u00e7ekme karar\u0131 almas\u0131 nedeniyle insanlar\u0131n \u00e7ok korktuklar\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, ABD\u2019nin \u00e7ekilmemesi i\u00e7in Koban\u00ea\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 Gerep\u0131\u015fk k\u00f6y\u00fcnde olan ABD \u00fcss\u00fcne y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. (\u201cRojava\u2019dan ABD\u2019ye \u00c7ekilme Tepkisi\u201d, Birg\u00fcn, 21 Aral\u0131k 2018, s.4.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[88]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cPentagon B\u00fct\u00e7esi: Suriye\u2019de 60 Bin Ki\u015filik G\u00fc\u00e7 \u0130\u00e7in Silah\u201d, Evrensel, 18 Nisan 2018, s.10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[89]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cSalih M\u00fcslim: ABD Yetkilileri ile G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck, Trump D\u00f6neminden Farkl\u0131 Olacak\u201d, 1 Nisan 2021\u2026 https:\/\/ahval.io\/tr\/abd-suriye\/salih-muslim-abd-yetkilileri-ile-gorustuk-trump-doneminden-farkli-olacak<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.foreignlobby.com\/2021\/04\/30\/syrias-kurdish-ypg-fighters-get-a-lobbyist\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[91]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cABD\u2019de YPG\u2019nin Lobicilik Faaliyeti\u201d, 29 Temmuz 2021\u2026 http:\/\/basinadasi.org\/index.php?p=products-info&pid=1744<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[92]<\/sup><\/a> Yusuf Karata\u015f, \u201cK\u00fcrtlerin Hamisi Kim?\u201d, 15 Ocak 2019\u2026 https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/yazi\/83113\/kurtlerin-hamisi-kim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[93]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cYPG\u2019den A\u00e7\u0131klama: ABD ile I\u015e\u0130D Sonras\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in de Anla\u015fmam\u0131z Var\u201d, 11 Aral\u0131k 2018\u2026 http:\/\/haber.sol.org.tr\/dunya\/ypgden-aciklama-abd-ile-isid-sonrasi-icin-de-anlasmamiz-var-252523<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[94]<\/sup><\/a> Orhan Bursal\u0131, \u201cEn \u0130yi T\u00fcrkiye; Suriye, \u0130ran, Rusya\u2019ya D\u00fc\u015fman Oland\u0131r\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 18 \u015eubat 2018, s.6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[95]<\/sup><\/a> 12 Kas\u0131m 2019\u2026 https:\/\/ria.ru\/20191112\/1560846866.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[96]<\/sup><\/a> Suriyeli ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z gazeteci Danny Makki, Suriye Demokratik G\u00fc\u00e7leri ile Suriye h\u00fck\u00fcmeti aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fman\u0131n ana hatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zetledi: SDG feshedilecek ve K\u00fcrtlerin kontrol\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm silahl\u0131 kuvvetler Rusya\u2019n\u0131n destekledi\u011fi Suriye\u2019nin 5. Taaruz Kolordusu\u2019na kat\u0131lacak. (2015\u2019teki m\u00fcdahaleden bu yana Rus askeri personeli taraf\u0131ndan e\u011fitilen, donat\u0131lan ve desteklenen 5. Taarruz Kolordusu, Rusya-Suriye-\u0130ran-Irak koalisyonu aras\u0131ndaki i\u015fbirli\u011finin zirvesi olarak kabul ediliyor.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcrt g\u00fc\u00e7leri ve Suriye devleti aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fma uyar\u0131nca, K\u00fcrtlerin, \u00f6zerklik de dahil olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm haklar\u0131, yeni Suriye Anayasas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcrt temsilciler, yeni bir anayasa olu\u015fturulup yeni bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kuruluncaya kadar, Suriye\u2019nin kuzeyindeki ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmette baz\u0131 resmi roller \u00fcstlenmeye ba\u015flayacak. (\u201cSDG ile Suriye H\u00fck\u00fcmeti Anla\u015ft\u0131: \u0130\u015fte Anla\u015fman\u0131n Temel Hatlar\u0131\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 14 Ekim 2019, s.7.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[97]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cABD \u00c7ekildi, Moskova Arabulucu: SGD, \u015eam\u2019la Anla\u015ft\u0131\u201d, Birg\u00fcn, 14 Ekim 2019, s.9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[98]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cK\u00fcrt Siyaset\u00e7iler ile Esad H\u00fck\u00fcmeti G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u201d, Evrensel, 11 \u015eubat 2020, s.9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[99]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cRusya\u2019n\u0131n Denetiminde Esad Rejimiyle G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 11 \u015eubat 2020, s.8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[100]<\/sup><\/a> \u201c\u0130lham Ahmed: ABD\u2019nin Suriye\u2019deki Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Siyasi \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn Garantisidir\u201d, 5 Eyl\u00fcl 2021\u2026 https:\/\/www.nupel.eu\/ilham-ahmed-abdnin-suriyedeki-varligi-siyasi-cozumun-garantisidir-194073.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[101]<\/sup><\/a> Yusuf Karata\u015f, \u201cSuriye-SDG G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri: \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00d6n\u00fcndeki Engeller ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Rol\u00fc\u201d, Evrensel, 27 Aral\u0131k 2019, s.8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[102]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cLavrov: Orta Do\u011fu\u2019dan Ayr\u0131lm\u0131yoruz\u201d, 14 Ocak 2025\u2026 https:\/\/www.dokuz8haber.net\/rusya-disisleri-bakani-lavrov-orta-dogudan-ayrilmiyoruz<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[103]<\/sup><\/a> \u201c\u015eam, \u00d6zerk Y\u00f6netim ile Masaya Oturmal\u0131\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 18 Ekim 2022, s.9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[104]<\/sup><\/a> V. \u0130. Lenin, Nisan Tezleri ve Ekim Devrimi, \u00e7ev: Muzaffer Erdost, Sol Yay., 1969.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[105]<\/sup><\/a> V. \u0130. Lenin, Marksizmin \u00dc\u00e7 Kayna\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ev: Vahap S. Erdo\u011fdu, Sol Yay., 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[106]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cNATO\u2019nun 70 y\u0131ld\u0131r T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin K\u00fcrt halk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik son derece y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 politikalar\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda durmas\u0131, gelinen noktada NATO\u2019yu da zorlayan bir konuma ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. NATO ve arkas\u0131ndaki devletler kendi kamuoylar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin K\u00fcrt halk\u0131na yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131ktan savunmayacak duruma d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdir.\u201d (Seydi F\u0131rat, \u201cNATO K\u00fcrt Halk\u0131ndan \u00d6z\u00fcr Dileyecek mi?\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 9 Aral\u0131k 2019, s.7.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[107]<\/sup><\/a> Haydar \u00d6zkan, \u201cSuriye, Rojava, Anti-Emperyalizm\u201d, At\u0131l\u0131m, Y\u0131l:5, No:357, 28 Aral\u0131k 2018, s.14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>[108]<\/sup><\/a> Ahmet \u0130nsel, \u201cK\u00fcrt Halk\u0131n\u0131n Ba\u015f\u0131na Gelenler\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 24 Mart 2018, s.11.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cHer karanl\u0131k kendisini sonland\u0131racak \u015fafa\u011f\u0131n tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7inde...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5924,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"manset":[],"class_list":["post-5923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sectiklerimiz"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5923","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5923"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5923\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5925,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5923\/revisions\/5925"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5924"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5923"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5923"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5923"},{"taxonomy":"manset","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manset?post=5923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}