\u201cDo\u011fada ilk kirlenmedir<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00dclkelere b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn!\u201d[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130klim krizinin g\u00fcncelle\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u201cBir sona do\u011fru mu gidiyoruz?\u201d sorusu, ister istemez Jean-Paul Sartre\u2019dan m\u00fclhem \u015fu diyalogu an\u0131msat\u0131yor: \u201c… \u2018Her \u015feyi silip yeniden ba\u015flar\u0131z.\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mathieu g\u00fcl\u00fcmsedi: \u2018Her \u015fey silinir silinmesine, ama ba\u015flanmaz yeniden.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hay\u0131r, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen akl\u0131n karamsarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in hi\u00e7 de imk\u00e2ns\u0131z de\u011fil bu!<\/p>\n\n\n\n Malum Charles Bukowski\u2019nin, \u201cDibe vurdu\u011funu san\u0131p, bir dip daha oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffedebiliyordu insan,\u201d deyi\u015findeki g\u00fczerg\u00e2htay\u0131z (\u201clabirent\u201d mi deseydik acaba?)!<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cBu devir, s\u0131radan insan\u0131n en parlak zaman\u0131; duygusuzlu\u011fun, bilgisizli\u011fin, tembelli\u011fin yeteneksizli\u011fin, haz\u0131ra konmak isteyen bir ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n devridir. Kimse bir \u015feyin \u00fczerinde durup d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. Kendisine bir \u00fclk\u00fc edinen \u00e7ok az. Umutlu birisi \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p iki a\u011fa\u00e7 dikse herkes g\u00fcl\u00fcyor; \u2018Yahu bu a\u011fa\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcnceye kadar ya\u015fayacak m\u0131s\u0131n sen?\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6te yanda iyilik isteyenler, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bin y\u0131l sonraki gelece\u011fini kendilerine dert ediniyorlar. \u0130nsanlar\u0131 birbirlerine ba\u011flayan \u00fclk\u00fc t\u00fcmden yitti, kay\u0131plara kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Herkes, yar\u0131n sabah \u00e7ekip gidecekleri bir handaym\u0131\u015f gibi ya\u015f\u0131yor. Herkes kendini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor, kendisi kapabilece\u011fi kadar kaps\u0131n, geride kalanlar isterse a\u00e7l\u0131ktan, so\u011fuktan \u00f6ls\u00fcn, v\u0131z geliyor,\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a> betimlemesi g\u00fcncelli\u011fini koruyor h\u00e2l\u00e2. Belki daha da katmerlenerek\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cSistematik olarak yarat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan topyek\u00fbn aptalla\u015ft\u0131rmayla birlikte ekonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f, toplumsal a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lama, cezaevi ve \u00f6l\u00fcm tehditleri akl\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme egemenli\u011fini engeller\u201dken;[3]<\/sup><\/a> Hubert Reeves\u2019in, \u201c\u0130nsan en deli canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. G\u00f6r\u00fcnmez bir tanr\u0131ya tapar, g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcndeki do\u011fay\u0131 ise katleder. Fark\u0131na varmaz ki, katletti\u011fi bu do\u011fa tapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 o g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kendisidir…\u201d uyar\u0131s\u0131 iklim krizi ger\u00e7e\u011fini an\u0131msatm\u0131yor mu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n * * * * *<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k dalgas\u0131, orman, tarla, mera yang\u0131nlar\u0131 d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kas\u0131p kavuruyor. Kuzey\u2019den G\u00fcney\u2019e yerk\u00fcre kavruluyor. Kurakl\u0131k bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgede insan, hayvan, bitki ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zla olanaks\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2018Atmosfer Bilimlerinde Geli\u015fmeler\u2019 dergisinin ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re, 2021\u2019de tarihteki en y\u00fcksek okyanus s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 kaydedildi, bu rekor \u00fcst \u00fcste alt\u0131nc\u0131 kez k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2021\u2019de, Pasifik\u2019teki sular\u0131 so\u011futan, periyodik bir iklim \u00f6zelli\u011fi olan ve devam eden bir La Ni\u00f1a etkinli\u011fine ra\u011fmen, d\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm okyanuslar\u0131n ilk 2000 metre derinli\u011fi i\u00e7in bir \u0131s\u0131 rekoru g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 2021 rekoru, 1955\u2019e kadar uzanan bir dizi modern rekoru geride b\u0131rakt\u0131. Okyanuslar i\u00e7in en s\u0131cak ikinci y\u0131l 2020, en s\u0131cak \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l ise 2019 oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun meydana geldi\u011fi okyanusun y\u00fczeyindeki ilk 2 bin metre, 2020\u2019de oldu\u011fundan y\u00fczde 14 daha fazla zettajoule \u0131s\u0131 (ZJ\/ bir sekstilyon jul\u2019e e\u015fit bir elektrik enerjisi birimi) emdi. Bu, bir ZJ\u2019nin yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131 olan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n t\u00fcm elektrik \u00fcretiminden 145 kat daha fazla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ABD Ulusal Okyanus ve Atmosfer Dairesi (NOAA) verilerine g\u00f6re, deniz suyu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 son 120 y\u0131lda 1.1 derece artt\u0131![4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Yine Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) \u2018Copernicus \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Servisi\u2019nin 2021 raporunda iklim bilimci Zeke Hausfather\u2019\u0131n bulgular\u0131na g\u00f6re, 2021 tarihin en s\u0131cak 5\u2019inci y\u0131l\u0131 olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2018D\u00fcnya Meteoroloji \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (WMO) 2021 Kas\u0131m\u2019ndaki \u2018K\u00fcresel \u0130klimin Durumu 2021\u2019 raporuna g\u00f6re, yo\u011fun s\u0131cak hava dalgalar\u0131 ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 seller gibi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131 \u015fu anda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u201cyeni normali\u201d oldu.[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00f6z konusu \u201cnormal\u201d y\u0131k\u0131mdan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fil!<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2018Christian Aid\u2019in \u20182021\u2019in Maliyeti: \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden Kaynaklanan \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f Y\u0131l\u0131\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 analizinde, 2021\u2019in d\u00fcnya genelinde iklim krizi kaynakl\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131yla en az 1.3 milyon ki\u015fi g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fc ve 170 milyar dolarl\u0131k ekonomik kay\u0131p kaydedildi.[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ayr\u0131ca Almanya\u2019da Ekonomi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin 2000\u2019den beri toplamda 145 milyar euroya mal oldu\u011funu ifade etti.[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130ngiltere \u2018\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Risk De\u011ferlendirmesi Raporu\u2019na g\u00f6re, COP26 iklim zirvesinde verilen s\u00f6zlere kar\u015f\u0131n XXI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda 4 derecelik \u0131s\u0131nacakken;[8]<\/sup><\/a> \u0130ngiltere\u2019de 17 Temmuz 2022\u2019de en y\u00fcksek hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaydedildi. Heathrow\u2019da hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 40.2 dereceyle rekor k\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130ngiltere\u2019de daha \u00f6nce tarihin en y\u00fcksek hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 2019\u2019da Cambridge\u2019de 38.7 dereceyle g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.[9]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n * * * * *<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu tabloda bilim insanlar\u0131, hayvanlar daha serin b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye zorland\u0131klar\u0131nda, bitkiler bu rotay\u0131 takip edemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in bitkilerin yok olma riskiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalabilece\u011finden korkuyorlar. Bu bitkilerin iklim krizine uyum sa\u011flama kapasitesinin k\u00fcresel olarak \u015fimdiden y\u00fczde 60 oran\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131karken; ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, bunun baz\u0131 t\u00fcrlerin kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak kaybolmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi konusunda uyard\u0131.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kolay m\u0131? \u2018Lancet Sa\u011fl\u0131k ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Geri Say\u0131m 2022 Raporu\u2019na g\u00f6re, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez kapitalizmin yerk\u00fcresinde:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00fczerindeki etkileri, birlikte var olan di\u011fer krizlerin etkilerini h\u0131zla a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor ve k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftiriyor. Bu durum g\u0131da g\u00fcvensizli\u011fi, bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar, enerji yoksullu\u011fu ve hava kirlili\u011fine maruz kalmaktan kaynaklanan \u00f6l\u00fcm risklerinin artmas\u0131na neden oluyor. Bu y\u0131lki raporda yer alan veriler, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin yak\u0131n vadede g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011finin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck mahsul verimi, g\u0131da g\u00fcvensizli\u011fi ve kurakl\u0131k gibi her aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkiledi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – H\u00fck\u00fcmetler ve \u015firketler, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her k\u00f6\u015fesindeki t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve refah\u0131 aleyhine fosil yak\u0131t \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na \u00f6ncelik vermeye devam ediyor. \u0130ncelenen \u00fclkelerin y\u00fczde 80\u2019i sadece 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda 400 milyar dolar tutar\u0131nda bir \u00e7e\u015fit fosil yak\u0131t s\u00fcbvansiyonu sa\u011flad\u0131. Bu net s\u00fcbvansiyonlar 31 \u00fclkede ulusal sa\u011fl\u0131k harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 10\u2019unu, 5 \u00fclkede ise y\u00fczde 100\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Petrol ve gaz \u015firketleri en a\u011f\u0131r su\u00e7lular olmaya devam ediyor: iklim konusundaki iddialar\u0131 ve taahh\u00fctleri ne olursa olsun, en b\u00fcy\u00fck 15 petrol ve gaz \u015firketinin mevcut stratejileri, seragaz\u0131 \u00fcretimlerinin 1.5\u00b0C\u2019lik \u0131s\u0131nmayla uyumlu emisyon paylar\u0131n\u0131 2030 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczde 37, 2040 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise y\u00fczde 103 oran\u0131nda a\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak![11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n – \u0130klim krizinin etkileriyle ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek zorunda kalanlar\u0131n iklim g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc devreye girecekken; tar\u0131m arazilerinin kayb\u0131, suya ula\u015famama, ani s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimleri, y\u00fckselen su seviyeleri nedeniyle biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin azalmas\u0131, ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kayb\u0131 gibi nedenlerden dolay\u0131 insanlar evlerini geride b\u0131rak\u0131p, yollara d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130klim krizi nedeniyle de\u011fi\u015fen \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131 sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak g\u00f6\u00e7lerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00fclkelerin kendi i\u00e7lerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. \u2018\u00dclke \u0130\u00e7inde Yerinden Olma \u0130zleme Merkezi-2022\u2019 (IDMC) raporuna g\u00f6re; 2021\u2019de kaydedilen toplam 38 milyon \u00fclke i\u00e7inde yerinden edilmenin 23.7 milyonu afetler taraf\u0131ndan tetiklendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dclke i\u00e7inde yerinden edilmi\u015f ki\u015fi oran\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu ilk be\u015f \u00fclke Afganistan (1.4 milyon), \u00c7in (9 milyon 430 bin), Filipinler (700 bin), Etiyopya (579 bin) ve G\u00fcney Sudan (527 bin) oldu. \u00d6te yandan kurakl\u0131k, g\u0131da krizi, ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kayb\u0131 ve g\u00f6\u00e7ler nedeniyle baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde denetimsiz \u015fekilde artan n\u00fcfusa ba\u011fl\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ilerleyen y\u0131llarda bu g\u00f6\u00e7lerin k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011finin ayak sesleri\u2026[12]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ostim Teknik \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Ekolog Prof. Dr. \u0130lhami Kiziro\u011flu, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin neden oldu\u011fu kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerek, 1989-2021 kesitinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan b\u00fct\u00fcn ku\u015f t\u00fcrlerinin pop\u00fclasyonunda y\u00fczde 50 azalma oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6zetle, verili tabloda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kaynaklar\u0131 ve do\u011fan\u0131n varl\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez kapitalizmin k\u00f6r\u00fckledi\u011fi \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n tempo ile f\u00fctursuzca, toplumsal ya\u015fam gereklerinin \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde t\u00fcketilmekteyken; sanayi devriminden bu yana, kapitalist sistemin k\u00e2r h\u0131rs\u0131 ile y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc do\u011fay\u0131 hi\u00e7e sayan politikalar\u0131n ve \u00e7ok fazla artan fosil yak\u0131t t\u00fcketiminin neden oldu\u011fu sera gazlar\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli kirleticiler, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131, hava ve \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fini h\u0131zla art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; art\u0131rmaya devam da etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130klim krizi, kapsam\u0131, nedenleri ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla ideolojik, iktisadi, s\u0131n\u0131fsal, siyasal bir sorundur ve kapitalist y\u0131k\u0131ma m\u00fcndemi\u00e7tir![14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n * * * * *<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1990\u2019lar sonras\u0131 \u201cs\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nma\u201d(?!) yaygaralar\u0131yla \u201cye\u015fil kapitalizm\u201d yalan\u0131yla ekolojik krize \u201cyan\u0131t\u201d bulunaca\u011f\u0131 \u201ciddia\u201ds\u0131na sar\u0131lanlar\u0131n; 1992\u2019den beri d\u00fczenlendikleri zirveler bir t\u00fcl\u00fbat\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7(e)medi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kapitalizmin ne iklim krizini, ne de buna ba\u011fl\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kyoto S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile sonras\u0131ndaki zirvelerde net olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kapitalizm, iklim krizini \u00e7\u00f6zmek ad\u0131na att\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131mlarla yeni sermaye birikim alanlar\u0131 yaratmay\u0131 ama\u00e7larken; karbon ticareti ile soludu\u011fumuz \u201ctemiz hava\u201d ticari bir meta h\u00e2line getirildi. Do\u011fal ya\u015fam\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 var eden hava, su, toprak gibi elementler ya da daha do\u011fru deyi\u015fle t\u00fcm ya\u015famsal varl\u0131klar kapitalizm taraf\u0131ndan metala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p ticarile\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Paris ve Glasgow\u2019daki iklim zirvelerinde karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131na en \u00e7ok neden olan k\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc enerji \u00fcretimlerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fck ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 herhangi bir karar al\u0131nmad\u0131. Glasgow sonras\u0131 Fransa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u00fclkelerin n\u00fckleer enerjiyi ve do\u011falgaz santrallerini iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadelenin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 h\u00e2line getirme giri\u015fimleri ise kapitalizmin ger\u00e7ek y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc ve egemen(lerin) yalan(\u0131) tamamen a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6rne\u011fin bir \u201cm\u0131\u015f gibi yapma\u201d toplant\u0131s\u0131 daha, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n \u015earm e\u015f-\u015eeyh\u2019deki COP27\u2019si ile k\u00fcresel kapitalist sistemin h\u00e2l-i p\u00fcrmelalini, yalanlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ortaya koydu.[15]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u015earm el-\u015eeyh\u2019deki COP27\u2019i di\u011ferlerinden ay\u0131ran neydi?\u201d sorunun bir\u00e7ok yan\u0131t\u0131 varken; ilk olarak Coca-Cola\u2019n\u0131n COP27\u2019nin sponsoru olmas\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekilmeli\u2026 \u2018Plastikten Kurtul\u2019 \u00e7evre grubuna g\u00f6re, Coca-Cola en b\u00fcy\u00fck plastik kirleticilerinden biri![16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6zetle COP27 daha ba\u015flamadan kirletici end\u00fcstrileri aklama arenas\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlad\u0131. Her y\u0131l \u00fcretilen 3 milyon ton \u00fczeri plastik ambalajla d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck kirleticisi Coca-Cola\u2019n\u0131n sponsorlu\u011fu, \u00e7evreci \u2018Adbusters\u2019 taraf\u0131ndan , \u201c\u015eirketin eko k\u0131r\u0131m miras\u0131n\u0131 aklama giri\u015fimi\u201d olarak \u201czaten etkisiz olan bu konferans\u0131n tabutuna \u00e7ak\u0131lan son \u00e7ivi\u201d bi\u00e7iminde nitelendi![17]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n * * * * *<\/p>\n\n\n\n Her yerde, co\u011frafyam\u0131zda da egemenlerin \u201c\u00e7evre t\u00fcl\u00fbat\u0131\u201d bitimsiz bir yalanlar dizisinden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir!<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6rne\u011fin co\u011frafyam\u0131zda bir\u00e7ok karar verici, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin di\u011fer \u00fclkelere k\u0131yasla nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tarihsel karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131yor ve maliyetleri gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin iklim krizine kar\u015f\u0131 eyleme ge\u00e7memesi gerekti\u011finde \u0131srar ediyorken; iklimin kriz her y\u0131l katlanan orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, seller, kurakl\u0131k ve \u00f6teki \u00e7evre felaketleri sebebiyle gittik\u00e7e g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde hissedilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Co\u011frafya Fak\u00fcltesi Co\u011frafya B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Ana Bilim Dal\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Dr. \u0130hsan \u00c7i\u00e7ek, Antalya\u2019da son y\u0131llarda 2 g\u00fcn civar\u0131nda etkili olan s\u0131cak hava dalgas\u0131n\u0131n 2050\u2019lere kadar 13 g\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fi uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulunup, \u201c\u00d6zellikle dezavantajl\u0131 grup ya\u015fl\u0131lar, kronik hastal\u0131k sahibi olanlar ve \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in bu s\u0131cak hava dalgas\u0131 \u00e7ok tehlikeli olacak,\u201d[18]<\/sup><\/a> uyar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 dillendirken; iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin etkileriyle sel ve heyelanlar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde, deniz suyu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptand\u0131. Karadeniz\u2019de 50 y\u0131l\u0131n Mart ay\u0131 ortalamas\u0131 8.1 santigratken, deniz suyu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 10 dereceye kadar y\u00fckseldi\u011fi belirlendi ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak artan deniz suyu s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131, ticari \u00f6nemi olan bal\u0131k t\u00fcrlerinin avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ciddi oranda etkilendi.[19]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n * * * * *<\/p>\n\n\n\n Buraya kadar anlatt\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n sorumlusu\/ su\u00e7lusu, elbette s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez kapitalist y\u0131k\u0131m yani \u00fccretli k\u00f6lelik sistemi ya da ekonomi-politikas\u0131!<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini tetikleyen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 atmosfer, s\u0131cakl\u0131k, mevsim de\u011fi\u015fimi olaylar\u0131na, Sanayi Devrimi\u2019nden beri fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131 atmosfere sal\u0131p, karbon y\u00fck\u00fcne yol a\u00e7an kapitalizm oldu\u011funu bilmeyen var m\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2?<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez kapitalizm, \u201ciklim krizini \u00e7\u00f6zmek\u201d(?!) ad\u0131na att\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131mlarla yeni sermaye birikim alanlar\u0131 yaratmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lay\u0131p, karbon ticareti ile soludu\u011fumuz \u201ctemiz hava\u201d ticari bir meta h\u00e2line getirini g\u00f6rmezden gelebilir misiniz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Do\u011fal ya\u015fam\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 var eden hava, su, toprak gibi unsurlar\u0131n, ya da daha do\u011fru deyi\u015fle t\u00fcm ya\u015famsal varl\u0131klar\u0131n kapitalizm taraf\u0131ndan metala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p ticarile\u015ftirerek yok edildi\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fini \u201ces\u201d ge\u00e7ebilir misiniz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n karbon sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa l\u00fcks yatlar\u0131 ve jetleri olan milyarderlerin neden oldu\u011funu ortaya koyarken; Profes\u00f6r Richard Wilk\u2019in, \u201c300 bin ki\u015finin 8 milyar insan\u0131 krize mahk\u00fbm etti\u011fi\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 ya da Oxfam ve Stockholm \u00c7evre Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ara\u015ft\u0131rmada da, Bill Gates ve Roman Abramovi\u00e7 gibi isimlerin i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun en zengin y\u00fczde 1\u2019inin, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yoksul yar\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re iki kat\u0131ndan fazla karbon sal\u0131m\u0131ndan sorumlu oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu\u011funu<\/a>[20]<\/sup><\/a> duymam\u0131\u015f olabilir misiniz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine yol a\u00e7an emisyonlar\u0131n -sanayi devriminden beri- y\u00fczde 62\u2019sinden Kuzey Amerika ile Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n sorumlu[21]<\/sup><\/a> oldu\u011fu unutulabilir mi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130klim krizi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez kapitalizmin e\u015fitsiz geli\u015fme yasalar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ortaya koyarken; \u2018Oxfam\u2019\u0131n \u2018K\u00fcresel Emisyonlar ve Gelir Adaletsizli\u011fi\u2019 raporu, d\u00fcnyada en zengin y\u00fczde 1\u2019lik kesimin sorumlu oldu\u011fu fert ba\u015f\u0131na CO2<\/sub>e emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n 1990\u2019a g\u00f6rece y\u00fczde 25 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini ve bu kesimin t\u00fcketim faaliyetleri sonucu yaratmakta oldu\u011fu CO2<\/sub>e sera gaz\u0131n\u0131n, 1.50C \u0131s\u0131nma hedefiyle belirlenmi\u015f emisyon b\u00fct\u00e7esinin 30 misline ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurguluyorken; buna kar\u015f\u0131n, \u201czengin\u201d y\u00fczde 10\u2019luk kesimin CO2<\/sub>e sal\u0131mlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 hedefin 10 misline ula\u015f\u0131rken; \u201cyoksul\u201d y\u00fczde 50\u2019nin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 CO2<\/sub>e sal\u0131mlar\u0131 ortalaman\u0131n y\u00fczde 20 alt\u0131nda![22]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eu \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k: CO2 <\/sub>sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 Kuzeyli zenginlerden kaynaklan\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin Afrika, yerk\u00fcredeki 195 \u00fclkenin d\u00f6rtte birinden fazlas\u0131 olan 54 \u00fclkeye sahip ve k\u0131ta insan n\u00fcfusunun alt\u0131da birinden fazlas\u0131na, kabaca 1.3 milyar ki\u015fiye ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yor. Ve Homo Sapiens\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde d\u00f6rd\u00fcnden daha az\u0131ndan sorumlu![23]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Evet, Cape Town \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde Prof. Dr. Carlos Lopes, \u201cSorumlulu\u011fu en az olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Afrika, iklim krizinin etkilerine kar\u015f\u0131 en savunmas\u0131z k\u0131ta durumunda. Bu durum g\u0131da g\u00fcvensizli\u011fini a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p, ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 yok etmesiyle daha g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr h\u00e2le geldi,\u201d[24]<\/sup><\/a> derken sonuna dek hakl\u0131!<\/p>\n\n\n\n * * * * *<\/p>\n\n\n\n 11. Tezci\u201d k\u00f6kl\u00fc toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimlerin, kopu\u015flar\u0131n ya da devrim(ler)in mevcut d\u00fczenin dayan\u0131lmaz h\u00e2le geldi\u011finin kabul\u00fc ve alternatif bir ya\u015fama ula\u015fman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu bilicinin toplumsalla\u015fmas\u0131yla ba\u015flarken; ula\u015f\u0131lan koordinatlarda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez kapitalizmin ya\u015fam\u0131 yok eden y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n daha net g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesitteyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kapitalizmin, birbirini besleyen \u00e7eli\u015fkilerinden olu\u015fan \u201cyap\u0131sal krizini\u201d, bug\u00fcnlerde tarih\u00e7i Adam Tooze \u201cpolycrisis\u201d, ekonomist Nouriel Roubini \u201cmega tehditler\u201d olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. Bu tan\u0131mlamalar, birbirini besleyen bir ekonomik, jeopolitik ve iklim krizleri \u201ck\u00fcmesine\u201d i\u015faret ediyor ama \u201ck\u00fcmenin\u201d temelini olu\u015fturan \u201c\u015fey\u201dden, bir anlamda \u201ct\u00f6z\u201d\u00fcnden s\u00f6z etmiyor. Bu \u201ct\u00f6z\u201d\u00fc konu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda da imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131klarla, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fcklerle, art\u0131k i\u015flemeyen modellerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu \u201ct\u00f6z\u201d tarihsel anlamda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u201cart\u0131k de\u011fer\u201d ve onun ifadesi olan kapitalist \u00fcretim tarz\u0131 olarak, bu tarz\u0131n sergiledi\u011fi bi\u00e7imlerle \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bu \u201ct\u00f6z\u201d ba\u011flam\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcnce de \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fcme\u201d kavram\u0131 alt\u0131nda saklanan \u201cbirikim\u201d, \u201ck\u00e2r maksimizasyonu\u201d, \u201crekabet\u201d gibi \u00f6nceliklere ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, \u201cpolycrisis\u201d, \u201cmega tehditleri\u201d, \u201cyap\u0131sal krizi\u201d a\u015fman\u0131n olanaks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edilmeli: Katil kapitalizmdir; \u201cNet s\u0131f\u0131r sal\u0131m\u201d bir yaland\u0131r!<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yalanc\u0131 ill\u00fczyonlar, \u00e7arp\u0131tmalar yerine sosyalist \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm(ler)e gereksinim var. O da kapitalizmin \u201cYe\u015fil D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u201d yalan\u0131na verilecek tek yan\u0131t sosyalist d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmd\u00fcr!<\/p>\n\n\n\n * * * * *<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2018K\u00fcresel Tan\u0131k\/ Global Witness\u2019e g\u00f6re, 2018\u2019de d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 164;[26]<\/sup><\/a> 2019\u2019da en az 212 ve 2020\u2019de ise 227 \u00e7evrecinin, \u00e7evre koruma faaliyetleri y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrken katledildi\u011fi[27]<\/sup><\/a> yerk\u00fcrede \u201cD\u00fcr\u00fcst bir \u00f6fke; ikiy\u00fczl\u00fc sevecenlikten iyidir.\u201d[28]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu durumda Frantz Fanon\u2019un, \u201cYa\u015fama evet, sevgiye evet. C\u00f6mertli\u011fe evet. Ama insan ayn\u0131 zamanda bir \u2018Hay\u0131r\u2019d\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanmas\u0131na hay\u0131r. \u0130nsan haysiyetinin hi\u00e7e say\u0131lmas\u0131na hay\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesine. \u0130nsanda en insanca olan \u015feyin, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn katledilmesine…\u201d uyar\u0131s\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde unutulmamal\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n