Tarih, egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n ideolojik \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, ezilenlerin kurtulu\u015f silah\u0131 haline geldi\u011finde ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131n\u0131 bulur. Karl Marx ve Friedrich Engels\u2019in geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi tarihsel materyalizm, insan toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fimini nesnel yasalarla a\u00e7\u0131klar: \u00dcretim g\u00fc\u00e7leri ile \u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fki, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelelerini do\u011furur ve toplumsal devrimler bu \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu bilimsel y\u00f6ntem, tarihi mitoslardan kurtar\u0131r; spek\u00fclatif felsefeden ay\u0131rarak, maddi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe dayand\u0131r\u0131r. Marx\u2019\u0131n ke\u015ffi, proletaryaya b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bir eylem k\u0131lavuzu sunar: Art\u0131-de\u011fer teorisiyle kapitalizmin s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyar, tarihsel materyalizmle ise devrimin yolunu ayd\u0131nlat\u0131r. Sosyalizm, bu temeller \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselir; kapitalizmin vah\u015fetine kar\u015f\u0131 insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tek kurtulu\u015fudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kapitalizmin Kanl\u0131 Y\u00fcz\u00fc: S\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, Sava\u015f ve Y\u0131k\u0131m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kapitalizm, insanl\u0131k tarihinin en vah\u015fi \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imidir. Serbest rekabetten tekelci a\u015famaya evrilen bu sistem, azami k\u00e2r yasas\u0131yla i\u015fler: Sermaye birikimi, emek\u00e7ilerin art\u0131-eme\u011fine el koymay\u0131 gerektirir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler, ge\u00e7imlerini sa\u011flayacak \u00fccretin \u00f6tesinde \u00fcretti\u011fi de\u011feri patrona b\u0131rak\u0131r; bu, modern k\u00f6leliktir. Lenin\u2019in Emperyalizm<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 eserinde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, kapitalizmin en y\u00fcksek a\u015famas\u0131 emperyalizmdir: Tekeller, mali sermaye, sermaye ihrac\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 sava\u015flar\u0131 do\u011furur. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l, bu vah\u015fetin tan\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r \u2013 milyonlarca insan\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fcnya sava\u015flar\u0131, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge katliamlar\u0131, fa\u015fist diktat\u00f6rl\u00fckler. Kapitalizm, do\u011fay\u0131 talan eder, toplumlar\u0131 b\u00f6ler, uluslar\u0131 ezer. E\u015fitsiz geli\u015fme yasas\u0131 gere\u011fi, merkez \u00fclkeler ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 halklar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcr; krizler, i\u015fsizlik, yoksulluk ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn bile, milyarlarca insan a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7ekerken, bir avu\u00e7 tekel trilyonlar biriktirir. Bu sistem, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n potansiyelini zincire vurur: Bilim ve teknoloji, k\u00e2r i\u00e7in de\u011fil, halk i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lamaz. K\u00fcresel ekonomik krizler, iklim felaketleri ve emperyalist m\u00fcdahaleler, bu \u00e7eli\u015fkileri derinle\u015ftirir; yeni nesil i\u015f\u00e7i m\u00fccadelelerini ve devrimci hareketleri besler. \u201cTarihin sonu\u201dndan bahsedenler, anti-bilimseldir; s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin yasalar\u0131 ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131l\u0131namaz. Aksine, kapitalizmin \u00e7eli\u015fkileri yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a, sosyalizmin gereklili\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7lenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sovyetler Birli\u011fi: Sosyalizmin Muhte\u015fem Kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 ve \u00d6zsel D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Tarihsel materyalizm, teoride kalmad\u0131; pratikte zafer kazand\u0131. 1917 Ekim Devrimi, proletaryan\u0131n iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u0131\u00e7ramad\u0131r. Lenin \u00f6nderli\u011finde kurulan Sovyetler Birli\u011fi, kapitalizmin mezar kaz\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 oldu. \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131 \u2013 geri kalm\u0131\u015f, sava\u015f y\u0131pratm\u0131\u015f bir \u00fclke \u2013 sosyalizmle muazzam bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ya\u015fad\u0131. Reel sosyalizmin \u201c\u015fekilsel kald\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d, \u201c\u00f6zsel de\u011fi\u015fim yaratamad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d iddias\u0131, yetmi\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k Sovyet tarihini tek bir c\u00fcmleyle silmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan burjuva tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kopyas\u0131d\u0131r. 1917\u2019de Rusya y\u00fczde 80 k\u00f6yl\u00fc bir \u00fclkeydi; okuryazarl\u0131k oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 20-25 civar\u0131ndayd\u0131, sanayi Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ok gerisindeydi. K\u0131rk y\u0131l sonra ayn\u0131 \u00fclke fa\u015fizmi yendi, 27 milyon can verdi, 1957\u2019de uzaya ilk uyduyu g\u00f6nderdi, 1961\u2019de ilk insan\u0131 y\u00f6r\u00fcngeye oturttu. Kad\u0131nlar 1917\u2019de oy hakk\u0131 ald\u0131; Bat\u0131\u2019dan 20-30 y\u0131l \u00f6nce. Sa\u011fl\u0131k, e\u011fitim, konut hakk\u0131 anayasal g\u00fcvenceye kavu\u015ftu, tamamen paras\u0131zd\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi 41 saate, sonra 36 saate indi; \u00fccretli izin hakk\u0131 yasala\u015ft\u0131. Bunlar \u201c\u015fekilsel\u201d midir? Hay\u0131r. Bunlar tarihin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc en k\u00f6kl\u00fc \u00f6zsel de\u011fi\u015fimlerdir; insan\u0131n insan taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin fiilen kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n toplumsalla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131f egemenli\u011finin tersine \u00e7evrildi\u011fi bir toplumsal sistemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Stalin d\u00f6nemi, bu kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n doru\u011fudur: Be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k planlarla sanayile\u015fme, kolektivizasyonla tar\u0131m devrimi. 1920\u2019lerde okuryazarl\u0131k oran\u0131 %30\u2019lar iken, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede %100\u2019e yakla\u015ft\u0131. Kad\u0131nlar e\u015fit haklara kavu\u015ftu; \u00fccretsiz e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k, konut yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Nazi fa\u015fizmini yenen K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurtard\u0131 \u2013 27 milyon Sovyet yurtta\u015f\u0131 bu u\u011furda \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Sava\u015f sonras\u0131, uzay yar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kazanan, n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 haline gelen Sovyetler, ezilen uluslara ilham oldu: Ulusal kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadeleleri, sosyalizmin deste\u011fiyle ba\u015far\u0131ld\u0131. Bu g\u00fcnlerde \u201cmoda\u201d olarak Stalin\u2019e \u201cfa\u015fist\u201d diyenler, 27 milyon \u015fehide hakaret edenler unutmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki 1941-45 aras\u0131nda d\u00fcnya fa\u015fizmini durduran, Berlin\u2019e k\u0131z\u0131l bayra\u011f\u0131 diken, Auschwitz kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7an Sovyet ordusunun komutan\u0131 Stalin\u2019dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Reel sosyalizm, kusursuz de\u011fildi; ama kapitalizme alternatif oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlad\u0131. Milyonlarca insan, ilk kez insanca ya\u015fad\u0131: \u0130\u015f garantisi, 8 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel y\u00fckseli\u015f. \u00c7in Devrimi, K\u00fcba, Vietnam \u2013 bunlar, sosyalizmin evrensel zaferleridir. Hata oldu mu? Oldu. B\u00fcrokratik yozla\u015fma ya\u015fand\u0131. Stalin sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde revizyonist sapmalar derinle\u015fti. Bunlar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131r\u0131z, a\u015far\u0131z, ders \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r\u0131z. Ama hatalar\u0131 bahane edip b\u00fct\u00fcn sistemi \u201cfa\u015fizm\u201d diye karalamak devrimci ele\u015ftiri de\u011fil, kar\u015f\u0131-devrimci tasfiyeciliktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sosyalizmi Tasfiye Etmek: Yenilgiyi \u00c7a\u011f\u0131rmak<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Sosyalizm, herhangi bir sosyo-ekonomik sistemde oldu\u011fu gibi, bir anda h\u00e2kim olamad\u0131. 1980\u2019lerin sonunda kar\u015f\u0131-devrimci devrimlerle ya\u015fanan geri ad\u0131m, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin yasalar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lmaz ve sosyalizmin gereklili\u011fini silmez. Aksine, kapitalist sistemin \u00e7eli\u015fkileri derinle\u015fip yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a \u2013 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn k\u00fcresel ekonomik krizleri, iklim felaketleri ve emperyalist m\u00fcdahaleleriyle\u2013 sosyalizmin gereklili\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7lenecektir. Bu \u00e7eli\u015fkiler, yeni nesil i\u015f\u00e7i m\u00fccadelelerini ve devrimci hareketleri beslemektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kendini Marksist-Leninist olarak tan\u0131mlayan \u00e7evrelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131, reel sosyalizme, Lenin\u2019e, Stalin\u2019e y\u00f6neltilen a\u011f\u0131r hakaretler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sessiz kal\u0131yor. Bu sessizlik tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildir; uzun y\u0131llara yay\u0131lan ideolojik t\u00fckenmi\u015fli\u011fin, teorik \u00e7aps\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve devrimci irade kayb\u0131n\u0131n sonucudur. \u201cBirlik\u201d ad\u0131na, \u201cg\u00fcncel ittifak\u201d ad\u0131na Marksist-Leninist ilkelerden taviz verildik\u00e7e omurga k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Sonu\u00e7 ortadad\u0131r: Reel sosyalizme, Lenin\u2019e, Stalin\u2019e a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a k\u00fcf\u00fcr edilirken ses \u00e7\u0131karan neredeyse yok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cYeniden sosyalizm\u201d gibi kavramlar, sosyalizmi tasfiye etmenin k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131d\u0131r. Sosyalizm, reel deneyimlerle zenginle\u015fmi\u015f bilimsel bir \u00f6\u011fretidir; \u201cyeniden\u201d diye s\u0131f\u0131rlanmaz. Demokratik konfederalizm gibi modeller, kom\u00fcnleri devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131r; ama kapitalizmde yerel \u00f6zerklik, tekelci sermayenin ku\u015fatmas\u0131nda erir. Proletarya diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc inkar etmek, devrimi reddetmektir \u2013 Lenin\u2019in dedi\u011fi gibi, ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi olmadan kom\u00fcnizme ula\u015f\u0131lamaz. Tarihsel materyalizm, s\u0131n\u0131f tavr\u0131n\u0131 inkar etmeyi affetmez. Marjinal gruplara umut ba\u011flamak, devrimin motoru proletaryay\u0131 d\u0131\u015flamak, burjuva demokrasisi ile yetinmektir. Sosyalizm, 150 y\u0131ll\u0131k m\u00fccadeleyle kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f yoldur: Pespaye sivil toplumculuk de\u011fil, k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Her Zaman Sosyalizm: \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Tek \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kapitalizmin krizleri derinle\u015firken, sosyalizm yeniden g\u00fcndemdedir \u2013 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc alternatifsizdir. Emperyalizm, fa\u015fizm, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele, tarihsel materyalizmin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u00fcrer. Sovyet kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 unutulmaz: E\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k, e\u015fitlik \u2013 bunlar, sosyalizmin insanl\u0131\u011fa arma\u011fanlar\u0131d\u0131r. Sosyalizm \u201cyeniden icat\u201d edilmez; bilimsel temelleri \u00fczerinde geli\u015ftirilir. \u201cDevletsiz\u201d, \u201ciktidars\u0131z\u201d, \u201cs\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesiz\u201d sosyalizm olmaz. Proletarya diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olmadan sosyalizm olmaz. Lenin\u2019siz, Stalin\u2019siz, reel sosyalizmin yetmi\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k birikimi olmadan sosyalizm olmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin 108. y\u0131l\u0131nda bir kez daha hat\u0131rlat\u0131yoruz: Sosyalizm \u00e7\u00f6kmedi. Reel sosyalizm, t\u00fcm hatalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, kapitalizmden \u00fcst\u00fcn bir sistem oldu\u011funu pratikte kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O deneyimin kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131, derslerini ve \u015fehitlerini g\u00f6mmek istemeyenler revizyonist, tasfiyecidir. Yeni bir sosyalizm icat etmeye gerek yoktur. Bilimsel sosyalizmi, Marksizm-Leninizm\u2019i savunmak, geli\u015ftirmek ve 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygulamak zorunday\u0131z. Ezilenler bilir: Sosyalizm tasfiye edilmez, savunulur. Devrim, proletarya \u00f6nderli\u011finde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir; yerel kom\u00fcnler, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc merkez\u00ee planlamayla birle\u015fir. Tarih ileriye do\u011fru akar \u2013 sosyalizm, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kurtulu\u015fudur. Her zaman sosyalizm! \u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, sosyalizm sorunun ne oldu\u011fu fark etmeksizin tek cevapt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bedreddin Simavi<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tarih, egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n ideolojik \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p,...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":8782,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"manset":[],"class_list":["post-8780","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bedrettin-simail"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8780","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8780"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8780\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8783,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8780\/revisions\/8783"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8782"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8780"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8780"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8780"},{"taxonomy":"manset","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manset?post=8780"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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