\u0130ran\u2019a y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 kavramak, onu yaln\u0131zca g\u00fcncel jeopolitik gerilimlerin bir sonucu olarak de\u011ferlendirmekle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu olgu, kapitalizmin tekelci a\u015famas\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131yla birlikte ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan emperyalist sistemin yap\u0131sal zorunluluklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu noktada Vladimir Lenin\u2019in emperyalizm \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesi h\u00e2l\u00e2 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir teorik \u00e7er\u00e7eve sunar: sermayenin yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131, finans kapitalin egemenli\u011fi ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, kapitalizmin i\u00e7sel dinamiklerinin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz sonucudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lenin\u2019e g\u00f6re emperyalizm, kapitalizmin en y\u00fcksek a\u015famas\u0131 olarak yaln\u0131zca ekonomik bir geni\u015fleme de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda siyasal ve askeri tahakk\u00fcm bi\u00e7imlerinin k\u00fcreselle\u015fmesidir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede \u00e7evre \u00fclkeler, ya do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahalelerle ya da dolayl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k ili\u015fkileri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sisteme eklemlenir. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n tarihsel deneyimi, bu s\u00fcrecin tipik \u00f6rneklerinden biridir. 1953 \u0130ran Darbesi, ulusal egemenli\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir hatt\u0131n, uluslararas\u0131 sermaye ile uyumlu bir y\u00f6netime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin a\u00e7\u0131k bir ifadesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak emperyalizmi yaln\u0131zca Lenin\u2019in \u00e7er\u00e7evesiyle s\u0131n\u0131rlamak eksik olur. Rosa Luxemburg, kapitalist birikimin s\u00fcreklili\u011fi i\u00e7in kapitalizm d\u0131\u015f\u0131 alanlar\u0131n zorunlulu\u011funa i\u015faret eder. Luxemburg\u2019a g\u00f6re kapitalizm, kendi i\u00e7 dinamikleriyle s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir de\u011fildir; bu nedenle s\u00fcrekli olarak yeni co\u011frafyalar\u0131, yeni pazarlar\u0131 ve yeni toplumsal alanlar\u0131 kendi birikim s\u00fcrecine dahil etmek zorundad\u0131r. Bu perspektiften bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130ran, yaln\u0131zca mevcut kaynaklar\u0131 nedeniyle de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda hen\u00fcz tam anlam\u0131yla entegre edilememi\u015f bir toplumsal ve ekonomik alan oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in de hedef haline gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu teorik \u00e7er\u00e7eve, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ve sonras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan m\u00fcdahalelerle somutlan\u0131r. 1973 \u015eili Darbesi ile Salvador Allende\u2019nin devrilmesi, yaln\u0131zca bir siyasal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda neoliberal yeniden yap\u0131lanman\u0131n zor yoluyla dayat\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Burada devlet, uluslararas\u0131 sermayenin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun bi\u00e7imde yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; emek\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 tasfiye edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Benzer \u015fekilde 2003 Irak \u0130\u015fgali, klasik s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilikten farkl\u0131 olarak \u201cdevletsizle\u015ftirme\u201d stratejisinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Bu m\u00fcdahale ile yaln\u0131zca kaynaklar\u0131n kontrol\u00fc de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda bir \u00fclkenin kurumsal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kertilmesi ve toplumsal direncinin k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflenmi\u015ftir. Bu t\u00fcr m\u00fcdahaleler, emperyalizmin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde do\u011frudan i\u015fgal ile dolayl\u0131 kontrol aras\u0131nda esnek bi\u00e7imde hareket etti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc konumu, bu tarihsel ve teorik ba\u011flamda \u00f6zg\u00fcl bir gerilim ta\u015f\u0131r. Bir yandan emperyalist sisteme tam entegrasyonu reddeden bir devlet yap\u0131s\u0131; di\u011fer yandan kendi i\u00e7inde s\u0131n\u0131fsal e\u015fitsizlikler ve siyasal bask\u0131 mekanizmalar\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bir d\u00fczen s\u00f6z konusudur. Bu durum, Antonio Gramsci\u2019nin hegemonya kavram\u0131 ile de okunabilir: iktidar yaln\u0131zca zor yoluyla de\u011fil, r\u0131za \u00fcretimiyle de s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130ran\u2019da hem d\u0131\u015f m\u00fcdahaleye kar\u015f\u0131 bir ulusal r\u0131za mobilizasyonu, hem de i\u00e7erde belirli bir hegemonik d\u00fczenin in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130ran\u2019a y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar, yaln\u0131zca bir devletin hedef al\u0131nmas\u0131 de\u011fildir; ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00fcresel kapitalist sistemin kendi krizlerini y\u00f6netme bi\u00e7imlerinden biridir. Bu krizler, yeni pazarlar, yeni kaynaklar ve yeni ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k ili\u015fkileri yaratma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak yeniden \u00fcretir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak Marksist bir analiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik olan nokta \u015fudur: Emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 duru\u015f, tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli de\u011fildir. E\u011fer bu duru\u015f, \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerinin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal egemenli\u011fin a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ile birle\u015fmezse, yaln\u0131zca mevcut iktidar yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden \u00fcretir. Bu nedenle ger\u00e7ek bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fme perspektifi, hem d\u0131\u015fsal tahakk\u00fcme hem de i\u00e7sel s\u0131n\u0131f egemenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 e\u015fzamanl\u0131 bir m\u00fccadeleyi gerektirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak \u0130ran meselesi, Lenin\u2019in emperyalizm teorisi, Luxemburg\u2019un birikim analizi ve Gramsci\u2019nin hegemonya kavram\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, yaln\u0131zca b\u00f6lgesel bir kriz de\u011fil; kapitalist d\u00fcnya sisteminin yap\u0131sal \u00e7eli\u015fkilerinin g\u00fcncel bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu nedenle burada ya\u015fananlar, tekil bir \u00fclkenin kaderiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir; k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin ve tarihsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Unutmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc haf\u0131za, yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7mi\u015fin de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda direni\u015fin ve gelece\u011fin teorik zeminidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130ran\u2019a y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 kavramak, onu yaln\u0131zca g\u00fcncel...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":9249,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,29,8],"tags":[107,35],"manset":[],"class_list":["post-9247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dunya","category-manset","category-sectiklerimiz","tag-emperyalizm","tag-iran"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9247"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9247\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9250,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9247\/revisions\/9250"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9247"},{"taxonomy":"manset","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kolektifmucadele1.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manset?post=9247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}